The Brothers Karamazov Summary

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Here you will find a The Brothers Karamazov summary (Fyodor Dostoevsky's book).
We begin with a summary of the entire book, and then you can read each individual chapter's summary by visiting the links on the "Chapters" section.

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Last Updated: Monday 1 Jan, 2024

Chapters

The Brothers Karamazov Summary Overview

In his younger days, Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov was a crude man with a penchant for pursuing wealth and women. He fathered three sons, Dmitri, Ivan, and Alyosha, from two marriages but showed little interest in their upbringing, eventually sending them away. When Dmitri, a grown soldier, returns to claim his late mother's estate, it sparks a dispute between him and Fyodor, who intended to keep the fortune. The dispute pulls in Ivan and Alyosha and leads to a meeting with the respected elder Zosima in an attempt to resolve the financial quarrel. However, the meeting backfires, escalating tensions as both father and son are courting the same woman, Grushenka. What follows are heated exchanges and a shocking display of respect from Zosima to Dmitri, who he predicts is bound for great suffering. Fyodor Pavlovich had an illegitimate fourth son, Smerdyakov, born to a mentally impaired woman. Smerdyakov grows up as a servant with a peculiar and harmful personality, but he shows intelligence despite his circumstances. After the disastrous meeting at the monastery, Alyosha becomes embroiled in the family drama, tasked with terminating Dmitri's engagement and getting stuck in a religious debate with Ivan. Despite the tense day, Alyosha's kindness remains, and he focuses on helping his family. His day concludes with an unexpected revelation of love between Ivan and Katerina and an enlightening discussion with Ivan about his religious doubt. Alyosha's faith is further challenged when Zosima dies without the expected miraculous signs. However, his bond with Grushenka and a supportive dream provide the spiritual uplift he needs. The plot thickens when Dmitri, in debt and desperate, seems to resort to violence and is accused of his father's murder. Meanwhile, Alyosha becomes a beloved figure among local schoolboys, providing support to a dying boy, Ilyusha. Amidst these events, Smerdyakov reveals to Ivan that he was the real murderer, citing Ivan's philosophical teachings about the insignificance of good and evil in a godless world as his motivation. This revelation plunges Ivan into guilt and a mental breakdown. The courtroom drama that follows accuses Dmitri of the murder despite his plea of innocence, leading to further complications, including Ivan's erratic confession, Katerina's dramatic reveal, and Dmitri's conviction. The story ends with Dmitri planning an escape to America with Grushenka, Ivan's recovery under Katerina's care, and Alyosha delivering an inspiring speech at Ilyusha's funeral.

author's note

The writer humorously and somewhat chaotically ponders why anyone would be interested in his narrative that documents the life of Alyosha, a peculiar yet poignantly reflective character of his era. Despite the disjointedness of the tale, the writer trusts that readers will remain engaged till the conclusion. He also expresses regret for possibly wasting their time with an unnecessary missive from the author.

book 1 chapter 1

Alyosha Karamazov is the third offspring of Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov, a notorious landowner known for his savage demise. The tale turns to Fyodor Pavlovich's past, painting him as a crude prankster who owns sparse land and lives off others. Despite this, he marries Adelaida Ivanovna Miusova, a wealthy, attractive, and smart woman who believes marrying a daring, cynical man like Fyodor Pavlovich is an adventurous move. Post marriage, Adelaida Ivanovna develops disdain for Fyodor Pavlovich, and abandons him and their three-year-old son, Dmitri, for a destitute seminary student. Fyodor Pavlovich starts wandering across the province, lamenting his wife's departure. However, he turns his home into a brothel and enjoys hedonistic pleasures, fuelled by the wealth stolen from Adelaida Ivanovna. On learning about Adelaida Ivanovna's death due to either starvation or illness in a Petersburg loft, he drunkenly rejoices his newfound liberty down the streets. Yet, another account suggests that Fyodor Pavlovich cried like a child. The narrator conjectures that both versions could be accurate, as Fyodor Pavlovich might simultaneously feel joy and sorrow over his wife's death. According to the narrator, even vicious individuals like Fyodor Pavlovich can be unexpectedly naive and straightforward.

book 1 chapter 2

After Adelaida Ivanovna runs away from her marriage, Fyodor Pavlovich neglects his toddler son, Dmitri. A servant takes care of him for a year before he's sent to live with various relatives of his mother. They convince Dmitri that he's due a significant inheritance from his mother, which his father now manages. Dmitri leaves a wild youth and military service behind to find out about his inheritance. His father avoids the topic, appeasing him with a small amount of money. Fyodor Pavlovich continues to play games with him through more minor payments, leading Dmitri to think he has a hefty inheritance. However, during Dmitri's next visit, his father reveals he has spent all of his mother's inheritance and that Dmitri might owe him money. Shocked, Dmitri assumes his father is swindling him and stays in town to challenge his father’s reluctance to give him his rightful fortune.

book 1 chapter 3

After discarding his four-year-old son Dmitri, Fyodor Pavlovich marries Sofia Ivanovna, a sixteen-year-old orphan he met during a business journey in a distant province. Although leading an intoxicated, promiscuous life, Fyodor Pavlovich is a cunning investor and his wealth keeps growing. Sofia is coerced by Fyodor Pavlovich into a marriage that is against her guardian's wishes. He treats her disrespectfully, brazenly conducting affairs with different women in their home. Sofia's mental health deteriorates under his abusive treatment, earning her the cruel nickname "the shrieker" from her husband. Despite her emotional upheaval, Sofia mothers two boys, Ivan and Alexei, commonly known as Alyosha. Sofia's life ends when Alyosha is four, making the boys fall under the same servant's care who had previously looked after Dmitri. They are then taken in by Sofia's past guardian, a military officer's widow. Despite passing away shortly, the widow provides funds for Alyosha and Ivan's education. In the care of the widow's heir, Ivan evolves into an exceptional student, gaining fame in scholarly circles with an article about church courts. Eventually, Ivan decides to move back to live with his father, despite being embarrassed of him. This odd decision is partly influenced by Dmitri who, after discovering his lost inheritance, asks Ivan to join him and their father, in hopes that Ivan could help resolve their conflict.

book 1 chapter 4

Alyosha, a 20-year-old monk, is reunited with his brother Dmitri when the latter moves into their father's house. Alyosha, a naturally kind and loving soul, is revered by everyone despite his reserved demeanor. His popularity among his peers at the monastery is undiminished by his shy nature or his discomfort with discussions of women and sex. Upon returning to his father's town, he forms a close bond with his father Fyodor Pavlovich. Fyodor, in a rare act of generosity, donates a significant amount of money to the monastery after Alyosha pays a visit to his mother's grave. This bond deepens when Alyosha expresses his intention to stay at the monastery and become a disciple of elder Zosima, evoking a sentimental reaction from Fyodor.

book 1 chapter 5

Alyosha is deeply affected by his brothers' presence. He forms a strong bond with Dmitri, yet finds it tough to connect with Ivan, attributing it to Ivan's aloof intellectual nature. Alyosha perceives Ivan as someone deeply involved in his own mental pursuits, making him seemingly disinterested in the world around him. Dmitri and Ivan are polar opposites, yet, Alyosha notes Dmitri's respect and fondness for Ivan. A dispute over inheritance has ensnared Dmitri and their father. An arrangement is made to sort out their conflict in Zosima's cell, hoping that the respected monk's presence might facilitate a resolution. This impending meeting worries Alyosha—he is well aware that his father would have cynically agreed to it and that Ivan is non-religious. He fears their conduct might upset Zosima, a person he reveres and views as his spiritual guide in the monastery.

book 2 chapter 1

Fyodor Pavlovich and Ivan Karamazov, along with Pyotr Alexandrovich Miusov and Kalganov, visit the monastery to meet Zosima. Miusov, Fyodor's first wife's cousin, who briefly took in Dmitri, and Kalganov, Miusov's kin and a university aspirant, don't have much religious knowledge. Miusov hasn't set foot in a church for thirty years. The men curiously inspect the monastery. Miusov despises Fyodor, who deliberately provokes him by belittling the monastery. Although Miusov tries to not let Fyodor's insolence get to him, he finds it hard to hide his irritation. Dmitri is noticeably absent and the group is taken to Zosima’s quarters to wait. The monk guiding them reveals they're expected for lunch with the monastery's Father Superior after the meeting.

book 2 chapter 2

Zosima enters his room with Alyosha and a few monks, just as the others arrive, who respectfully kiss his hand and seek his blessing. However, the other men just give him a rigid bow, causing Alyosha to feel awkward due to their overt lack of respect. Despite this, Zosima doesn't express any discomfort. Fyodor Pavlovich, to tackle the awkward silence, starts to apologize dramatically for Dmitri's tardiness. He hides behind the excuse of an uncontrollable buffoonish persona and throws around disrespectful jokes. He is aware that his antics are annoying and embarrassing for everyone, particularly Miusov, whom he teases relentlessly. Alyosha is embarrassed by his father's actions, but Zosima doesn't seem bothered. Alyosha's humiliation increases when Fyodor starts asking for spiritual guidance from Zosima. However, Zosima calmly advises him to stop lying, especially to himself, if he wants eternal life. Interestingly, Zosima believes that Fyodor's foolish behavior stems from his own embarrassment and self-loathing, and he sincerely tries to ease his discomfort.

book 2 chapter 3

As the group anticipates Dmitri's arrival, Zosima steps outside to provide spiritual guidance to a crowd of women who have encountered significant hardships. He calms a screaming woman by draping his stole over her, and listens to a tale from another woman who has journeyed two hundred miles after her toddler's death left her in intense grief and caused her to abandon her husband. Zosima comforts her, advising her to mourn her son, but to remember he is with God now. He also urges her to go back to her husband, so their son's spirit can remain close. Another woman, whose son has joined the army in Siberia, inquires if it would be appropriate to announce his death in church to guilt him into contacting her. Zosima counsels that such an act would be immensely sinful. A woman looking worn and tired shares her story of enduring domestic abuse from her husband and hints at having killed him. Zosima assures her of God's forgiveness if she lives in continual repentance and loves God. The last woman presents Zosima with money to pass on to someone poorer, for which he blesses her and her infant daughter.

book 2 chapter 4

Zosima interacts with Madame Khokhlakov, a rich landowner, and her mischievous daughter, Lise. Madame Khokhlakov credits Zosima's prayers for her daughter's miraculous recovery from a debilitating illness. However, Zosima suspects that Lise's health isn't fully restored. Madame Khokhlakov confesses her struggle with religious doubt, finding it challenging to believe in the soul's immortality and perform good deeds without expecting recognition. Zosima advises her to focus on genuine love for humanity and assures her that God will forgive her because she acknowledges her shortcomings. Meanwhile, Lise playfully complains to Alyosha about his scarce visits since his monastery days. Zosima assures Lise that Alyosha will visit her more frequently in the future.

book 2 chapter 5

Alyosha accompanies Zosima to his quarters, where a heated debate is underway between Ivan and the monks, centered around Ivan's essay regarding church courts. Miusov, seeing himself as a politically savvy individual, attempts unsuccessfully to partake in the conversation, being consistently overlooked by the others. His frustration heightens, already piqued by Fyodor Pavlovich's earlier mockery. Ivan presents his viewpoint, arguing against the separation of religious institutions and governance. He advocates for the state's absorption by the church, promoting the idea that legal matters and judicial proceedings should be handled by religious authorities. Miusov, struggling to get a word in, labels Ivan's suggested scenario as "sheer Ultramontanism", indicating that Ivan's plan would essentially allow the Pope absolute rule. The term Ultramontanism is a reference to Rome, the Catholic Church's papal seat, being "beyond the mountains" from Russia and the Orthodox Church. Despite Miusov's interjection, the group continues to bypass him. Ivan presses on, stating that if church courts were the sole legal entities, the concept of crime would transform gradually. He posits that individuals would be deterred from criminal activities, fearing they would be offending not just the government or a state, but God Himself. Unexpectedly, Zosima concurs with Ivan's reasoning but adds that guilt is the only true force capable of punishing wrongdoings. He explains that the church, acknowledging the importance of individual morality, consciously refrains from participating in the state's judicial matters. The intensity of the debate causes Dmitri's tardiness to be overlooked until he abruptly enters the room, catching the group off guard.

book 2 chapter 6

Dmitri arrives late because he was misinformed about the time by his father's aide. He stays quiet, not wanting to disrupt the ongoing discussion. Ivan argues that morality is tied to people's belief in eternal life. Without the prospect of an afterlife, he suggests, individuals would just act on their impulses. This thought unnerves both Miusov and Dmitri. Zosima, however, softly comments that Ivan himself is grappling with uncertainties and merely indulges in debates to distract from his despair. When the conversation slows down, Fyodor Pavlovich begins to berate Dmitri. He blames Dmitri for betraying his fiancée, Katerina, by falling for another woman, Grushenka. Dmitri, incensed, retorts that his father is envious because he too desires Grushenka and has made a fool of himself in his attempts to win her over. Dmitri further accuses Fyodor Pavlovich of trying to conspire with Grushenka to get Dmitri jailed. The heated argument continues until Zosima suddenly rises, goes over to Dmitri, kneels before him, and then exits the room without uttering a word. This unexpected act leaves everyone puzzled. As they get ready for lunch with the Father Superior, Fyodor Pavlovich storms out.

book 2 chapter 7

Following Zosima's surprising reverence to Dmitri, Alyosha trails him out of the room. Catching up, Alyosha is taken aback when Zosima suggests abandoning his monastic life for marriage in the outside world. Although distressed, Alyosha accepts Zosima's faith in him and departs. In conversation with Rakitin on their way to the Father Superior, Alyosha ponders over Zosima's odd exit. Rakitin postulates a grim future for the Karamazov clan, made up of hedonists in pursuit of wealth and women. He criticizes Dmitri's abandonment of his betrothed for Grushenka, Ivan's attempt to win Dmitri's forsaken fiancée, and Fyodor Pavlovich's lust for Dmitri's lover. Rakitin believes Zosima foresaw a gory end for the family, his bow to Dmitri a prophecy. As Rakitin continues slandering the Karamazovs and Grushenka, Alyosha questions his personal connection to Grushenka. Rakitin, flustered and vexed, refutes Alyosha's insinuation.

book 2 chapter 8

Fyodor Pavlovich causes a ruckus before exiting the monastery. He barges into the Father Superior's lunch, giving a crude and lengthy rant about the stupidity and hypocrisy of the monks' lifestyle. Finally departing, Fyodor is helped into a carriage by a reluctant Ivan, yelling at Alyosha to abandon the monastery and immediately return home. As the carriage pulls away, Fyodor starts fantasizing about the cognac he will enjoy upon reaching home.

book 3 chapter 1

The tale of Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov’s manservant, Grigory, is shared by the storyteller. Grigory briefly takes care of the young Karamazov siblings. His spouse births a six-fingered infant, who passes away two weeks later. On the burial night, his wife hears an infant's cry afar. Investigating it, Grigory finds a newborn beside a dying girl who has just delivered the baby.

book 3 chapter 2

Grigory witnesses a girl, Lizaveta, frequently referred to as "stinking Lizaveta," in the process of childbirth. Lizaveta is mentally challenged and mute. The town locals are shocked to learn of her exploitation and identify Fyodor Pavlovich as the probable offender due to his infamous reputation. Grigory and his spouse take the infant under their care. The baby is named Smerdyakov by Fyodor Pavlovich.

book 3 chapter 3

Alyosha exits the monastery, directed by both Zosima and his own dad. A rich lady who is friends with the Karamazovs, Madame Khokhlakov, has given Alyosha a note from Katerina. Katerina is Dmitri’s former fiancée and she wants Alyosha to come to see her. A bit apprehensive, Alyosha heads to Katerina’s place before going to his dad’s house. Alyosha doesn't anticipate running into Ivan or Dmitri at Katerina’s place, but he wishes he could chat with Dmitri before meeting Katerina. As Alyosha takes a shorter route to Katerina’s home, Dmitri unexpectedly stops him on the way.

book 3 chapter 4

Dmitri shares his past with Katerina to Alyosha. They initially crossed paths when Dmitri, serving as a soldier, met Katerina, the daughter of his camp's commanding officer. Dmitri was largely unnoticed by Katerina until he devised a plan to entice her into bed by offering 4,500 rubles to settle her father's debt. However, facing the pure Katerina, Dmitri was stricken with self-revulsion, abandoning his scheme and giving her the rubles without making any advances. Later, Katerina came into a significant inheritance and proposed marriage to Dmitri. However, Dmitri was soon swept off his feet by Grushenka upon returning to Fyodor Pavlovich’s town. This infatuation led him to pilfer 3,000 rubles from Katerina to support his indulgence with Grushenka.

book 3 chapter 5

Dmitri instructs Alyosha to inform Katerina that their betrothal is officially terminated. He also entreats Alyosha to obtain 3,000 rubles from their dad, Fyodor Pavlovich, in order to repay Katerina and alleviate his guilt. Dmitri is aware that their father has this exact amount of money at hand, which he had gathered hoping to buy Grushenka’s love with it.

book 3 chapter 6

Alyosha visits his dad's place, finding him immersed in alcohol. Ivan, with visible disapproval, accompanies their father, Fyodor Pavlovich. In the same setting, Smerdyakov and Grigory engage in a heated discussion, which Fyodor Pavlovich and Ivan eavesdrop on. Smerdyakov, a moody and resentful young man, loathes everyone around him, even his foster parents. Despite his surly demeanor, he is seen as reliable by the household due to his job as Fyodor Pavlovich's cook. His responsible nature is further evidenced when he recovers and returns 300 rubles that Fyodor Pavlovich had misplaced during a drunken haze.

book 3 chapter 7

Grigory and Smerdyakov debate the morality of forsaking one's religious belief in God to preserve one's existence. Smerdyakov attests this is permissible, arguing that no individual possesses unshakable faith. He further maintains that no believer has the conviction to presume that God would move a mountain if requested, indicating that no one should lose their life for an incomplete faith. He suggests that the person can seek forgiveness for this transgression afterwards. Even though his dispute is with Grigory, his main focus appears to be Ivan, seemingly seeking his approval for his logic.

book 3 chapter 8

Fyodor Pavlovich quickly loses interest in his servants’ dispute and sends them away. He questions Ivan's faith, learning that Ivan neither believes in God nor the soul's eternity. Alyosha, however, staunchly supports the existence of God and the soul's immortal nature. Fyodor Pavlovich is easily wearied of this religious argument, and instead chooses to provoke Alyosha by disrespecting their mother. He criticizes her devoutness and her epileptic condition, causing Alyosha to experience a seizure himself. Ivan, infuriated, reminds Fyodor Pavlovich that both he and Alyosha are sons to the same mother, as Fyodor Pavlovich seems to have forgotten that they are the offspring of his second wife. Unexpectedly, Dmitri storms into the room, accusing his father of hiding Grushenka in his home.

book 3 chapter 9

Dmitri frantically searches for Grushenka, and in a heated moment, he is accused of theft by his father, Fyodor Pavlovich. Enraged, Dmitri assaults his father and threatens his life before storming out of the house. Afterwards, Alyosha and Ivan nurse Fyodor Pavlovich's injuries and ensure that he goes to bed.

book 3 chapter 10

Alyosha finds himself at Madame Khokhlakov’s residence, where he unexpectedly encounters Grushenka as well. Grushenka has just assured Katerina that she intends to abandon Dmitri for a past lover, hence Katerina should expect him to return to her. This fills Katerina with gratitude and happiness. However, upon sharing this news with Alyosha, Grushenka rudely interrupts and teases the possibility of staying with Dmitri. As Alyosha leaves, a housemaid hands him a letter from Lise.

book 3 chapter 11

Returning to the monastery, Alyosha encounters Dmitri who scoffs at Grushenka's antics before confessing his self-loathing. Alyosha discovers Zosima's health is in steep decline; Zosima is on his deathbed. Choosing to stay with Zosima, who is like a father to him, Alyosha opts not to involve himself in his family's disputes. He reads a letter from Lise, revealing her romantic feelings for him and her hopes of marriage. Alyosha reacts with joyful laughter, offers a prayer for his distressed family, and, after such an intense day, succumbs to a deep slumber.

book 4 chapter 1

Aware of his approaching death, Zosima gathers his followers and students for a final discussion on faith, love, and virtue. Through his dialogue, he underscores the necessity of showing genuine love towards humanity and incorporating this universal love in all interactions. He advises his audience not to pass judgments, asserting that everyone bears responsibility for the sins committed by others. Upon departing from Zosima's chamber, Alyosha contemplates his elder's imminent demise. He is filled with the belief that God wouldn't allow such a wise person to pass away without a significant miracle to mark his death. Alyosha is convinced that all in the monastery share his thoughts, except perhaps Father Ferapont, a critic of Zosima with his stern and austere piety, contrasting Zosima's doctrine of love and forgiveness. Zosima beckons Alyosha back to his room. He urges him once more to leave the monastery to assist his family and contribute to the town's welfare. Alyosha, this time, agrees to Zosima's request.

book 4 chapter 2

Alyosha comes home and finds his father, Fyodor Pavlovich, plotting about what's to come. Fyodor Pavlovich reveals his plans to Alyosha to continue his hedonistic lifestyle until his death, where his solitary lover will be "death". He admits that he might lose his charm as he ages, hence, he will require substantial wealth to entice young women. Furthermore, he hints at Ivan's intentions of wooing Katerina to make Dmitri tie the knot with Grushenka. Should Ivan succeed, Fyodor Pavlovich won't be able to wed Grushenka and Ivan would secure his share of inheritance from falling into the hands of Fyodor Pavlovich’s potential wife. Fyodor Pavlovich acknowledges his vicious nature to which Alyosha retorts, saying that his father is not evil, but simply warped.

book 4 chapter 3

Alyosha heads towards Madame Khokhlakov's place and along his path, he witnesses a group of little bullies pelting stones at a weak child. Despite being weaker, the child bravely retaliates. As the child flees, Alyosha pursues him in an attempt to converse. However, upon catching up, the child assaults Alyosha with a stone and bites his finger before making another escape. This incident leaves Alyosha bewildered and concerned, pondering over what could drive such a young child to exhibit such violent behavior.

book 4 chapter 4

Alyosha is taken aback to find Ivan already at Madame Khokhlakov's, spending time with Katerina. Before joining them upstairs, Alyosha requests a bandage for his injured hand from Madame Khokhlakov. While she goes to find the necessary things to treat his wound, Lise confronts Alyosha, demanding back the love letter she had written him. She claims it was only a jest. However, Alyosha declines to return the letter, admitting he fell for her jest and doesn't have the letter with him anyway.

book 4 chapter 5

In a heated conversation with Alyosha, both Ivan and Katerina reveal their feelings for each other while devising emotional barricades that keep them apart. Katerina asserts her fidelity towards Dmitri, regardless of his potential decision to marry Grushenka. Ivan supports her decision, leading to Alyosha's frustration as he attempts to convince them of the self-inflicted pain their denial of love is causing them. Ivan concedes his affection for Katerina but insists she requires Dmitri's presence in her life. He informs Alyosha of his plan to depart for Moscow the following day, bidding farewell. When Ivan departs, Katerina shares a tale about a former captain who once faced Dmitri's fury. Dmitri assaulted the man in front of his young son, who pleaded for his father's life. Katerina entrusts Alyosha with 200 rubles, requesting him to deliver the money to the captain as compensation for Dmitri's aggressive act, to which Alyosha consents.

book 4 chapter 6

Alyosha finds himself at the impoverished captain's dwelling and unexpectedly identifies the captain's boy, Ilyusha, as the one who bit him. Alyosha comes to understand that Ilyusha targeted him due to his affiliation with the person who had previously assaulted Ilyusha's father.

book 4 chapter 7

Initially, the captain is thrilled at the idea of receiving 200 rubles. However, after contemplating the implications, he boldly discards the cash, clarifying that such an act would cost him his son's admiration and respect. Alyosha then decides to give the money back to Katerina.

book 5 chapter 1

At Madame Khokhlakov's residence, Alyosha finds out that Katerina is suffering from a fever, likely brought on by the embarrassment of Dmitri's rejection. Alyosha confides in Lise about his failed attempt to persuade the captain to accept Katerina’s money. Lise, touched by Alyosha's kindness and wisdom, reveals her love letter was heartfelt. Alyosha reciprocates her feelings, and they begin discussing marriage plans. Alyosha admits to misleading Lise about the letter. He withheld it from her, not because he didn't have it, but due to its significance to him. As he departs, Madame Khokhlakov intercepts him. Having eavesdropped on his conversation with Lise, she expresses her distress over Alyosha's impending marriage to Lise. She suggests that Lise has been unpredictable and troublesome. She mournfully states that a mother has nothing to anticipate but death once her daughter weds. Alyosha tries to console her by stating the wedding won't occur for at least another year and a half. However, he declines when she insists on seeing Lise's letter.

book 5 chapter 2

Contemplating Dmitri's aggressive and fervent actions, Alyosha chooses to assist his sibling rather than going back to Zosima's side in the monastery, which he deeply yearns for. Noticing Dmitri's apparent evasion of him, Alyosha opts to wait at Dmitri's frequently visited gazebo to catch sight of Grushenka. Whilst there, Alyosha stumbles upon Smerdyakov strumming a guitar and serenading the housemaid's daughter. Tentatively, Alyosha interrupts, inquiring Smerdyakov about Dmitri's whereabouts. Smerdyakov reveals Dmitri is at a restaurant, meeting with Ivan.

book 5 chapter 3

Upon reaching the eatery, Alyosha discovers Ivan seated alone. Ivan invites Alyosha to sit with him, expressing a newfound respect and a desire to become better acquainted. Alyosha expresses his concerns regarding the fate of Fyodor Pavlovich and Dmitri should Ivan depart to Moscow. However, Ivan counters by stating he isn't accountable for the others' actions. He discloses his presence at the restaurant was a result of wanting to avoid the unpleasantness of Fyodor Pavlovich.

book 5 chapter 4

The brothers dive into a conversation about God's existence and the soul's immortality. Ivan expresses his internal struggle with accepting God and the world He has created, even though he hasn't outwardly rejected Him. He finds it easy to profess love for humanity in general, but struggles with truly loving individuals. Injustice, particularly the suffering of innocent children, deeply disturbs him. He challenges Alyosha, asking how a righteous God could allow such pain, comparing it to a victim loving his tormentor. Ivan questions Alyosha's ability to accept a flawless world, built on the agony of an innocent being. Alyosha counters by bringing up Christ's sacrifice. Ivan assures him he hasn't forgotten Christ and recites a prose poem he had written earlier, titled The Grand Inquisitor.

book 5 chapter 5

Ivan shares his written piece, “The Grand Inquisitor.” In it, Christ reappears in sixteenth-century Spain. As he strolls around healing people, a powerful cardinal arrests him. Later, the cardinal, the Grand Inquisitor, visits Christ in jail to explain why he cannot allow him to carry out his duties. Christ remains silent throughout the discourse. The Grand Inquisitor states that Christ's work contradicts the Church's mission. He recalls the three temptations Christ rejected in the Bible, thereby affirming mankind's free will. The Inquisitor argues that free will is a curse to humanity. He believes that Christ should have chosen power and ensured people's safety rather than freedom. The Church is now rectifying Christ's mistake by removing the choice and providing security. Consequently, Christ must stay imprisoned to avoid interfering with the Church's effort to relieve people of the burden of free will. In the first temptation, Satan challenged Christ to turn a stone to bread to satisfy his hunger following his forty-day fast. Christ declined, stating that man requires God's word, not just bread. The Inquisitor argues that Christ should have accepted to free people from hunger. The second temptation was a call for Christ to perform a miracle by jumping off a pinnacle in Jerusalem, with the assurance that angels would save him. Christ declined, insisting that God should not be tested. The Inquisitor believes that Christ should have performed miracles, as most people need miracles to sustain their faith. The final temptation was power. Satan showed Christ all the world's kingdoms and offered him control. Christ declined. The Inquisitor believes that Christ should have accepted the power. Now, the Church has to claim the power in his name to persuade people to give up their free will for their safety. The Inquisitor insists that Satan was right during this exchange. Since the Church took over the Roman Empire, it has been subtly working for Satan, seeking the best and safest order for humanity. As the Inquisitor ends his speech, Christ kisses him, and in response, the Inquisitor frees him but warns him never to return. After Ivan's narration, he fears that Alyosha may be bothered by the thought of no moral boundaries if there's no God. However, Alyosha surprises him by kissing him. Ivan notes that Alyosha took that action from his story. They part ways, with Ivan heading home and Alyosha returning to the dying Zosima at the monastery.

book 5 chapter 6

Ivan has been engaged in heavy dialogues about faith and philosophy with Smerdyakov since he reached his father's residence. However, he finds Smerdyakov repulsive and fears running into him whenever he comes home. Once, at Fyodor Pavlovich's place, Ivan encounters Smerdyakov in the yard. Despite his initial decision to ignore or deride him, Ivan unexpectedly halts and inquires about their dad. Smerdyakov expresses his concern for Fyodor Pavlovich, explaining that Dmitri is now aware of the clandestine signals between Grushenka and Fyodor Pavlovich - agreed upon if Grushenka opts to become Fyodor Pavlovich's mistress. He fears that Dmitri will discover if Grushenka visits Fyodor Pavlovich, and with no one to protect Fyodor Pavlovich from Dmitri's wrath, a dangerous situation could arise. Adding to his anxieties, Smerdyakov mentions that Grigory and his spouse are under the influence of a potent sleep-inducing drug, and he fears his own rising tension might trigger an epileptic fit.

book 5 chapter 7

Ivan is suspicious that Smerdyakov revealed Grushenka's hidden messages to Dmitri to put their father, Fyodor Pavlovich, in harm's way. Despite this, he remains firm on his decision to travel to Moscow the next day, ignoring Smerdyakov's suggestion to visit a closer town. The following day, Fyodor Pavlovich also attempts to dissuade Ivan from his Moscow trip. He prefers Ivan to head to a neighboring village to sell a piece of forest land on his behalf. Although reluctant, Ivan concedes. After Ivan departs, Smerdyakov suffers a severe epileptic seizure from a fall down the stairs, which confines him to his bed and leaves Fyodor Pavlovich alone. The old man eagerly anticipates Grushenka's visit, confident she will arrive that evening.

book 6 chapter 1

Alyosha discovers Zosima resting in his bed, surrounded by disciples and admirers upon his return to the monastery. Zosima inquires about Dmitri's wellbeing and explains his earlier bow to Dmitri as a prediction of imminent hardship and distress the latter is soon to face. He reminds Alyosha that Dmitri's fate doesn't mirror his own, and further encourages Alyosha to leave the monastery and spread goodness.

book 6 chapter 2

Zosima holds a special place in his heart for Alyosha because he sees his elder brother in him. This brother, once a religious skeptic, became spiritual after a life-altering illness at seventeen. In his final days, he constantly spoke about cherishing God’s creation and every living being. Besides his brother, Zosima’s greatest influence is the Bible, a book he discovered in his adulthood. He used to be a military officer, similar to Dmitri. When the woman he loved married someone else, Zosima decided to challenge the man to a duel. However, he woke up on the duel day, saw the world's beauty, and recalled his brother's teachings about universal love. He didn't withdraw from the duel but allowed the other man to shoot first. He then fell on his knees, pleading for forgiveness. Afterward, he quit the army and chose to become a monk. Zosima had a significant encounter with a renowned philanthropist, who visited him several times. This man confessed to Zosima that he had murdered a woman he loved, and another innocent man was caught for it. The innocent man died pre-trial, leaving the philanthropist free but guilt-ridden. Despite his successful life and loving family, he was never contented, haunted by his unconfessed sin. Zosima urged him to confess publicly. The man eventually did so at his large birthday party, but the crowd deemed him insane. The man fell sick soon afterward, and on his deathbed, he revealed to Zosima that he intended to kill him after his confession. However, he said, God had defeated his devilish intentions. The man died a week later, and Zosima kept his confession a secret until now.

book 6 chapter 3

Zosima emphasizes to Alyosha the critical role of monks in Russian society. He believes monks have a unique bond with ordinary people and that these ordinary people's devout faith is Russia's lifeblood. He advocates for universal spiritual equality and humbleness, eliminating the distinction between master and servant. Just like his brother, Zosima passionately implores everyone to extend their love to all humanity and all of God's creations. He advises against judging others, criminals included. Rather, he advocates for prayers for the lost ones, aiming to rescue them from spiritual damnation. As if to symbolize his wish to hold the world in an embrace, Zosima sinks to the floor, extending his arms out, and in this pose, he breathes his last.

book 7 chapter 1

Everyone in the monastery, like Alyosha, expects a divine miracle following Zosima's death. When his body is ready for burial, a crowd gathers, eager for this miraculous event. But instead of a miracle, Zosima's body emits a foul smell as it rapidly decays. This shocks the monks, with many interpreting the unpleasant smell as an unlucky sign for the monastery. Zosima's detractors within the monastery quickly suggest this sign means Zosima was a sinner, not a saint. This confuses and disappoints the townsfolk who were waiting for a miracle. Alyosha feels disturbed and bewildered, struggling to make sense of why God would permit such an indignity to occur. Ferapont, Zosima's fiercest critic and an extremely devout man, tries desperately to rid Zosima's cell of evil spirits. He is asked to leave the monastery, leaving a cloud of unease hanging over the monks. Alyosha too decides to leave to seek a calmer setting to process everything.

book 7 chapter 2

Alyosha broods over the indignity faced by his respected mentor after his demise. He struggles to maintain his faith, yet his belief in God’s benevolence is rattled. He's unable to reconcile how a kind God could let such a noble man meet such a crude fate. Rakitin, Alyosha's sarcastic acquaintance from the seminary, notices Alyosha's gloomy state. He jokingly offers Alyosha sausage and vodka, forbidden treats for monks during Lent, and is taken aback when Alyosha accepts. Following this, Rakitin proposes a visit to Grushenka and Alyosha spontaneously consents.

book 7 chapter 3

Grushenka's past is revealed in this section. Four years ago, Samsonov, a merchant, brings her to the town when she is 18. She then resides with a widow and soon she is rumored to have been deceived by a lover and is seen as seeking Samsonov's protection. Even though the widow hardly cares for her, Grushenka transforms into an attractive woman, and due to wise financial decisions, quickly acquires considerable wealth. Many men try to win her over, but none are successful. Alyosha and Rakitin locate Grushenka, who's not waiting for them, but rather for a message. The letter is from her ex-lover, an officer who left her, now wanting her back. She anxiously and excitedly jokes around with her visitors, making fun of Alyosha's innocence and Rakitin's arrogance. However, upon hearing of Zosima's death, she is struck by Alyosha's genuine sorrow and becomes somber. She starts self-deprecating, referring to herself as a profound sinner, until Alyosha comforts her with kindness. The atmosphere between Alyosha and Grushenka shifts to mutual trust and understanding, which frustrates and confuses Rakitin. Their conversation grows intense and passionate, discussing their lives. Alyosha helps Grushenka accept herself, while she reignites his hope and faith after Zosima's demise. Alyosha confesses to her that he came with a desperate hope of finding a sinful woman. In return, Grushenka reveals she paid Rakitin to bring Alyosha to her. As her ex-lover's message arrives, she leaves to meet him, asking Alyosha to tell Dmitri that she once held feelings for him.

book 7 chapter 4

Alyosha, after returning to the monastery, makes his way to Zosima's cell and, amidst the reading of the Bible by a fellow monk, drifts off into sleep. In his dream, he finds himself at Christ's wedding in Cana where he sees Zosima, who advises him to cherish happiness. Zosima then expresses that Alyosha played a crucial role in Grushenka's redemption, which will lead to her salvation. Upon awakening, Alyosha is filled with an overwhelming sense of joy. He walks out, drops to his knees, and passionately kisses the ground. He experiences an epiphany that brings him closer to understanding life, faith, and God.

book 8 chapter 1

Dmitri is in dire need of cash. Even if Grushenka agrees to be his wife, he still has a debt of 3,000 rubles to Katerina that must be settled. Unfortunately, he can't get the money he feels he's owed from his father and he doesn't have a steady income. In an attempt to secure the cash, he approaches Samsonov, hoping for a business arrangement. He offers the rights to some land that he may obtain in a lawsuit against his father in exchange for the needed funds. This proposal doesn't appeal to Samsonov who tries to trick Dmitri. He advises him to sell his land to another merchant, who is already scheming to purchase the same property from Fyodor Pavlovich, unbeknownst to Dmitri.

book 8 chapter 2

Dmitri sets off to the trader's locale, hocking his timepiece to foot the travel bill, yet discovers the merchant inebriated. With the merchant still deep in his cups by the following day, Dmitri retreats back to the city, racked with desperation and unsure of his next move.

book 8 chapter 3

Dmitri seeks financial help from Madame Khokhlakov, only to be turned down and advised to seek employment at gold mines. In his search for Grushenka, he encounters her servant who informs him she's not around. The servant, however, doesn't disclose her whereabouts.

book 8 chapter 4

Furious, Dmitri picks up a brass pestle, intending to use it as a weapon and rushes to his father, Fyodor Pavlovich's house, believing Grushenka is there with him. However, after peeping through the window and using Grushenka's secret signal, he realizes she's not there and his father is alone. At this moment, Grigory sees Dmitri lurking in the garden. He confronts Dmitri and they get into a fight. Dmitri strikes Grigory with the pestle, causing him to fall and bleed. In a state of fear, Dmitri tries to help Grigory, getting blood on his clothes. Finally, he discards the pestle into the dark and runs away from the scene.

book 8 chapter 5

Dmitri forcefully learns from Grushenka’s house staff about her departure to meet her ex-lover. He is shattered, accepting that she will never belong to him. Believing that his life holds no meaning without Grushenka, he plans to see her once more before ending his life. Shortly thereafter, Dmitri pays a visit to Perkhotin, a local authority, who had earlier accepted Dmitri’s guns in exchange for a small loan. Dmitri surprises Perkhotin by presenting a substantial amount of money, clearing his debt, and retrieving his guns. Perkhotin tracks Dmitri to a shop where Dmitri confounds him further by purchasing food and wine worth several hundred rubles. Perkhotin is left baffled, questioning the source of Dmitri’s large sum of money and why he is smeared with blood.

book 8 chapter 6

Dmitri departs from Perkhotin, heading towards Grushenka and her Polish officer lover's location. His behavior is chaotic and frantic, as he passionately tells the driver of his impending damnation. Yet, he asserts, even from hell's depth, his love and glorification for God will never cease.

book 8 chapter 7

Dmitri's unexpected appearance creates discomfort among the young couple. Even before his entrance, the atmosphere between the couple was noticeably tense. However, the food and wine Dmitri brings with him helps alleviate the tension, lightening the mood. The youngsters proceed to engage in a card game.

book 8 chapter 8

Grushenka's realization that she loves Dmitri and not the Polish officer, who cheats and insults her, results in Dmitri assaulting the officer and confining him in a different room. Although excited about securing Grushenka's love, Dmitri remains worried about the injury he inflicted on Grigory and the debt he owes Katerina. Their future planning is interrupted when officers abruptly enter and arrest Dmitri. He is the main suspect in his father, Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov's murder.

book 9 chapter 1

Perkhotin, the official, is dubious after Dmitri's departure. He's perplexed about how Dmitri acquired such a large sum of money so suddenly, given his recent financial strains. Curious, Perkhotin trails Dmitri, discovering the brass pestle from information provided by Grushenka's maid. Instead of heading to Fyodor Pavlovich's place, he visits Madame Khokhlakov's residence, where he finds out that she denied Dmitri's request for a loan. Recalling Fyodor Pavlovich's reserve of 3,000 rubles intended for Grushenka's seduction, Perkhotin fears that Dmitri may have pilfered his father's money.

book 9 chapter 2

Perkhotin hurries to notify the authorities of his concerns, only to discover that the police station is already bustling with commotion. Grigory's spouse has filed another complaint. It turns out, Fyodor Pavlovich has been killed.

book 9 chapter 3

Dmitri is rapidly pinpointed as the culprit and is swiftly taken into custody. He pleads not guilty, yet his words fall on deaf ears. Grushenka proclaims her love for him notwithstanding his misdeed and even claims responsibility, admitting that she intentionally played with the emotions of both Dmitri and Fyodor Pavlovich.

book 9 chapter 4

Dmitri proclaims his innocence despite the mounting evidence against him. His animosity towards his father and knowledge of his father's 3,000 rubles, his debt to Katerina of the same amount, the brass pestle he procured from Grushenka’s, and his visit to his father's place prior to the murder, are all undeniable facts. Dmitri, however, remains tight-lipped about where he got the money he came into shortly after departing his father’s premises.

book 9 chapter 5

The officials persist in their interrogation of Dmitri, assessing the facts that could either incriminate him or testify to his innocence. Dmitri, believing in the power of honesty, attempts to respond sincerely to their inquiries. However, his non-disclosure about the money keeps casting a shadow of doubt about his credibility.

book 9 chapter 6

Upon examining Dmitri's attire, the officials discover bloodstains. Once his garments are confiscated for further investigation, Dmitri displays extreme anger towards the prosecuting officials.

book 9 chapter 7

Dmitri uncovers the origin of his money. He discloses that from the 3,000 rubles he borrowed from Katerina, he only used 1,500 on Grushenka. The remaining amount, he carried in a necklace. However, when he resolved to end his life, he thought it pointless to preserve the remaining 1,500 rubles. Thus, he used a portion of it to buy wine and food for his final encounter with Grushenka.

book 9 chapter 8

Dmitri's predicament lies in his previous claims of spending the entire 3,000 rubles on Grushenka. Subsequently, the prosecution has managed to gather numerous witnesses testifying that Dmitri stated he required the whole 3,000 rubles to settle his debt with Katerina.

book 9 chapter 9

Grushenka is summoned to give her statement. Dmitri passionately assures her of his innocence in his father's murder. She accepts his claim, yet the authorities choose to hold him in custody until the court hearing. Dmitri bids farewell to Grushenka, seeking her forgiveness for his past actions. In response, Grushenka makes a fervent vow to stand by Dmitri and love him unconditionally.

book 10 chapter 1

November's initial dreary, frigid days precede Dmitri's impending legal proceedings. Kolya Krasotkin, a thirteen-year-old youngster, was once close to Ilyusha. A dog enthusiast, Kolya enjoys teaching his pooch, Perezvon, tricks. Though Kolya, being two years Ilyusha's senior, possesses a somewhat bold and brash demeanor, he shouldn't be mistaken for arrogant. In reality, he's a steadfast companion who takes pleasure in caring for younger kids.

book 10 chapter 2

Presently, Kolya is in charge of two kids whose mother, a lodger of his own mother, is not around. His thoughts are elsewhere though, as he longs to see Ilyusha. Ilyusha's health is deteriorating rapidly and he could be on the brink of death. Alyosha has managed to persuade the other boys to see him daily, yet Kolya hasn't visited even once. He is also yet to meet Alyosha.

book 10 chapter 3

Finally, a housemaid comes back and Kolya, accompanied by Perezvon, rushes over to Ilyusha's place. He encounters Smurov, his buddy, outside Ilyusha's residence. Smurov expresses his disappointment over Kolya bringing Perezvon, as the other kids anticipated that he would bring Zuchka, a dog Ilyusha has been eagerly wanting to meet. Dismissively, Kolya states his ignorance of Zuchka's whereabouts and requests Smurov to call Alyosha before he visits Ilyusha.

book 10 chapter 4

Alyosha encounters Kolya, immediately captivating him by treating him like an equal. Throughout their conversation, Alyosha's genuine wisdom and natural way of speaking draw Kolya in even more. Kolya delves into his past with Ilyusha, sharing stories of when Ilyusha, despite his small size, courageously stood up to bullies. This bravery inspired Kolya to defend Ilyusha, and they developed a strong friendship. However, Ilyusha would sometimes resist Kolya's control over him and act out of defiance. A significant incident was when Ilyusha, motivated by rebellion, performed a malicious prank he learnt from Smerdyakov—giving a dog named Zuchka a piece of bread with a hidden pin. This act caused Kolya to react with fury, leading to a fight where Ilyusha stabbed Kolya with a knife. This event effectively ended their friendship. Kolya insists that he bears no resentment, but there's uncertainty about Zuchka's fate. Alyosha informs Kolya that Ilyusha thinks that his sickness is a divine punishment for his cruel act against Zuchka.

book 10 chapter 5

Entering the room, Alyosha and Kolya are greeted by Ilyusha’s mother. Kolya, to her surprise, gives a courteous bow. The frail and confined Ilyusha perks up at the sight of Kolya, though the other boys in the room express disappointment, as Kolya failed to bring Zuchka. Teasing Ilyusha, Kolya questions how a dog could have endured after ingesting a pin. He summons Perezvon, who excitedly enters the room, causing Ilyusha to mistake him for Zuchka. Kolya reveals the ruse - he did locate Zuchka, renamed him to Perezvon to maintain the surprise for Ilyusha. Meanwhile, Katerina is still burdened by guilt due to Dmitri’s assault on Ilyusha’s father. To alleviate her guilt, she has arranged for a doctor from Moscow to tend to the ailing boy. The doctor's arrival, however, means that Ilyusha’s visitors must depart.

book 10 chapter 6

Alyosha converses with Kolya outside, where the thirteen-year-old Kolya shares his undoubtedly deep and conclusive beliefs about life. Alyosha observes that Kolya's "philosophy" is nothing more than borrowed phrases and contemporary thoughts from Rakitin. Despite this, Alyosha listens politely and voices his disagreement when necessary, explaining his reasons. Kolya, under the negative impact of Rakitin, still feels a strong connection with Alyosha, considering him a close friend. Alyosha reciprocates the sentiment with a silent hope that Rakitin's influence on the young, self-professed socialist won't cause irreversible damage.

book 10 chapter 7

The physician departs, leading Alyosha and Kolya to acknowledge that Ilyusha's life is drawing to a close. In a delicate voice, Ilyusha talks to his father about his imminent demise, causing Kolya, who had been suppressing his emotions, to finally burst into tears at his ailing friend's side. Kolya promises Alyosha that he will visit Ilyusha as frequently as possible, and Alyosha urges him to stay true to his commitment.

book 11 chapter 1

Nearly two months after Dmitri's apprehension, Alyosha pays a visit to Grushenka in the cold winter weather. Their bond has grown stronger in the aftermath of Dmitri's legal troubles, evolving into a tight-knit friendship. Not long following Dmitri's arrest, Grushenka fell sick but has since considerably recovered. As she's gotten closer to Alyosha, signs of her spiritual transformation have surfaced. Despite retaining her feisty nature and self-esteem, a newfound softness is visible in her gaze. She discloses to Alyosha that she's had a falling out with Dmitri and she suspects he's fallen for Katerina anew, notwithstanding her absence in his prison life. Grushenka also senses that Dmitri and Ivan are concealing something. She requests Alyosha to uncover this secret, to which he consents.

book 11 chapter 2

Alyosha has to stop by Madame Khokhlakov and Lise's place before he can chat with Dmitri. Upon arrival, he first engages with Madame Khokhlakov who reveals an intriguing detail: Lise's mood swings have amplified after a recent encounter with Ivan. She requests Alyosha to probe into Lise's issues and report back to her once he uncovers the reason.

book 11 chapter 3

Lise is in a state of high agitation when Alyosha visits her. She had agreed to marry Alyosha but later called off the engagement, leading her to lose all respect for him. She claims to have lost respect for everyone and everything, and wishes for her own death as she finds the world repulsive. She tells Alyosha about a man to whom she expressed her feelings, but was laughed off and deserted. She questions Alyosha whether the man held contempt for her, but Alyosha refutes it. As he gets up to leave, Lise hands him a note for Ivan. After Alyosha's departure, Lise injures herself by slamming her finger in the door, damaging her nail. Observing her black and bloody nail, she confesses to herself her own spitefulness.

book 11 chapter 4

Alyosha visits Dmitri in jail, where Rakitin was just a guest. Alyosha is confused and Dmitri explains that Rakitin is planning to write a story claiming Dmitri’s circumstances forced him to murder his father. Dmitri finds Rakitin laughable, but allows his visits. Dmitri sobers and reveals to Alyosha that despite being innocent of his father's murder, he recognizes his sins and seeks redemption. His only fear is that Grushenka won't accompany him to his Siberian exile and without her, his spiritual revival may fail. Dmitri reveals that Ivan offered a plan for escape, despite believing Dmitri guilty of the crime. This secret is kept from Grushenka. Overwhelmed with guilt, Dmitri denies the escape plan and awaits trial. Dmitri inquires about Alyosha's belief in his guilt, to which Alyosha asserts his unwavering faith in Dmitri's innocence. This endorsement gives Dmitri newfound courage and optimism.

book 11 chapter 5

Alyosha encounters Ivan near Katerina's home, where Ivan reveals a letter from Dmitri incriminating him as the killer. Alyosha, however, refuses to believe Dmitri's guilt, causing Ivan to question who else could be the perpetrator. Alyosha suggests that Ivan feels indirectly involved in the crime but assures him of his innocence. Alyosha believes he's been divinely guided to comfort Ivan's troubled conscience. However, Ivan, disturbed by Alyosha's devoutness, angrily departs.

book 11 chapter 6

Smerdyakov's health has deteriorated significantly following the homicide, and death looms ominously close. Ivan has made two trips to visit him, and he decides to embark on a third visit. In their initial meeting, Smerdyakov put forth the claim that Ivan intentionally abandoned their father on the fateful day of the murder. He suggested that Ivan had a suspicion that Dmitri, their brother, was likely to kill their father, and deep down, Ivan desired their father's demise.

book 11 chapter 7

Smerdyakov posits to Ivan during their second meeting that Ivan desired Fyodor Pavlovich's death for the large inheritance. This interaction forces Ivan to confront his potential role in the murder. Later, Ivan visits Katerina who presents him with a letter from Dmitri, vowing to kill Fyodor Pavlovich if it means settling his 3,000 ruble debt to her. This piece of evidence allows Ivan to reassign blame for the murder to Dmitri, absolving himself of guilt.

book 11 chapter 8

During his third meeting with Smerdyakov, Ivan is taken aback when Smerdyakov admits to killing Fyodor Pavlovich. He insists that without the novel moral insights he gained through their philosophical conversations, he wouldn't have been able to commit the murder. As such, he believes that Ivan is just as guilty for the murder as he himself is.

book 11 chapter 9

Ivan comes back to his place, filled with the certainty that he'll have the means to verify Dmitri's innocence in the upcoming court session. However, upon entering his quarters, he is greeted by a horrifying illusion or sight: a gaudily attired man in his middle age, asserting to be a devil. This perceived devil mockingly teases Ivan over his uncertainties and scepticism. Ivan, in return, severely reprimands the devil's demeanor. But as the encounter progresses, the spectral figure eventually pushes him into madness.

book 11 chapter 10

Suddenly, Alyosha raps on the door causing the devil to vanish. Ivan persists that the occurrence was not imagined, although he appears frenzied and on the brink of a mental breakdown. Before recognizing Ivan's severe mental distress, Alyosha shares his startling news: Smerdyakov ended his own life by hanging. Alyosha dedicates the ensuing night to looking after Ivan and praying for him.

book 12 chapter 1

At ten the next morning, Dmitri's trial begins, drawing the attention of the entire nation. The famous lawyer Fetyukovich has journeyed from Moscow to represent Dmitri. There are doubts as the jury consists of uneducated peasants who may not comprehend Fetyukovich's refined defense tactics. The judge, a learned man, questions Dmitri about his plea. Despite the widespread belief that Dmitri is guilty, he continues to claim his innocence. This is largely due to the compelling evidence against him.

book 12 chapter 2

Fetyukovich begins to question the reliability of the numerous witnesses who testify against Dmitri. He effectively makes them seem doubtful through careful scrutiny and interrogation. He highlights that Grigory, one of the witnesses, had been under the influence of potent medication on the murder night, suggesting his perception may have been compromised.

book 12 chapter 3

A trio of physicians present conflicting notions about the factors that drove Dmitri to the homicide and about his mental state. A long-time resident of the town, who is also a German doctor, recalls an incident where he purchased a sack of nuts for Dmitri during his childhood. Dmitri's tears stir newfound compassion among those present.

book 12 chapter 4

Alyosha shares a memory which may prove important: Dmitri, in times of self-disgust, would often strike the pendant on his chest, hinting that perhaps he kept the money there and wasn't the thief of Fyodor Pavlovich's cash. Alyosha also thinks that Smerdyakov may be the actual culprit. Katerina recounts how Dmitri saved her father from imprisonment. Alyosha's account had moved the crowd, but they react less favorably to Katerina's tale as she appears to have humiliated herself for Dmitri, who doesn't reciprocate her affections. When questioned, Grushenka passionately defends Dmitri's innocence.

book 12 chapter 5

The court summons Ivan, currently mentally unstable due to sickness. In a heated frenzy, Ivan accuses Smerdyakov of their father’s murder and presents a lump of money he claims Smerdyakov looted from Fyodor Pavlovich. Ivan admits his own partial guilt, stating he knew of Smerdyakov’s intentions yet did nothing to prevent the murder. He insists that his only confidant is the devil, who pays him nocturnal visits. His escalating outburst leads to his removal from court. Katerina, in a bid to salvage Ivan’s dignity, recants her previous testimony. She reveals Dmitri's letter to the court, which hinted at his plans to murder his father. She reasons that Ivan’s claim of guilt stems from desperation to shield Dmitri, and that his mental break is due to the sorrow of his brother's supposed guilt. This statement triggers a fierce backlash from Grushenka towards Katerina, leading to the courtroom turning into a scene of pandemonium.

book 12 chapter 6

Once tranquility is reinstated, the attorneys present their final arguments. Kirrillovich, the prosecuting counsel, reviews the case's details meticulously.

book 12 chapter 7

Kirrillovich argues that Dmitri possesses the type of personality that could commit such a brutal deed, and firmly asserts that he is not mentally ill.

book 12 chapter 8

Kirrillovich posits that Dmitri, unlike Smerdyakov, harbored a reason to murder Fyodor Pavlovich. His loathing for the elderly man and lust for his wealth provided this motive. The incriminating nature of Dmitri's letter to Katerina, teeming with aggressive feelings, makes his culpability appear unambiguous, according to Kirrillovich.

book 12 chapter 9

Kirrillovich implores the jury to penalize Dmitri in order to uphold Russia's judicial system and to obliterate the offender of the most abhorrent act conceivable—patricide.

book 12 chapter 10

Fetyukovich rebuts, highlighting the weakness of all evidence against Dmitri. Except for uncertain circumstances and the guesses of untrustworthy witnesses, there's no actual proof of Dmitri's guilt.

book 12 chapter 11

Fetyukovich carries on with his final summary. He underlines that there's no solid evidence that Fyodor Pavlovich had an envelope with 3,000 rubles; it's mere hearsay. Dmitry's letter to Katerina, penned in a state of inebriation and extreme emotional distress, should not be interpreted as a true reflection of his intentions.

book 12 chapter 12

Fetyukovich makes the argument that even in the hypothetical situation of Dmitri murdering Fyodor Pavlovich, it shouldn't be considered as patricide. The reason being, the loathsome elder merely sired Dmitri but never fulfilled his parental duties, neglecting him since birth.

book 12 chapter 13

Fetyukovich argues that Dmitri's only hope of reclaiming his life from ruin is to be bestowed with freedom.

book 12 chapter 14

Dmitri's charm has effectively swayed the majority of the audience in his favor, with many anticipating his impending release. However, the jury's swift verdict of guilt stuns the crowd into anger. In response to the verdict, Dmitri vehemently insists on his innocence and extends forgiveness to Katerina. A distressed cry from Grushenka echoes through the balcony as Dmitri is taken away.

epilogue chapter 1

Katerina has taken the delirious Ivan to her residence, and Alyosha drops by after the court proceedings. Katerina is filled with remorse for her treachery against Dmitri during the trial, yet she insists a foolproof scheme for his getaway has been organized. For this plan to work, Alyosha's involvement is crucial. Without any hesitation, Alyosha commits to doing anything required to ensure Dmitri's liberation.

epilogue chapter 2

Alyosha meets with Dmitri in jail and discusses a strategy for his breakout. Despite Dmitri's desire to atone for his sins through hardship, and his acceptance of his sentencing, he consents to the breakout strategy for the sake of staying with Grushenka. Dmitri admits that he will need to escape to America, but vows not to live his whole life there, promising to return to Russia someday. Katerina shows up. She reconciles with Dmitri, stating that she never truly thought he was guilty. However, when Grushenka arrives and Katerina seeks her forgiveness too, Grushenka declines. Unable to handle Grushenka's refusal, Katerina leaves the room in haste. Dmitri scolds Grushenka, but Alyosha steps in, reminding Dmitri he's in no position to judge her. Alyosha then chases after Katerina, who states she can't hold Grushenka accountable for not forgiving her.

epilogue chapter 3

Ilyusha has passed away, necessitating Alyosha's presence at his burial service. He converses about Dmitri’s circumstance with Kolya and a few of Ilyusha’s buddies. Alyosha implores them to always grasp tightly the current sentiments of unity, affection, and fellowship. Alyosha is met with enthusiastic applause from the group of young students.