Far From the Madding Crowd Summary

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Here you will find a Far From the Madding Crowd summary (Thomas Hardy's book).
We begin with a summary of the entire book, and then you can read each individual chapter's summary by visiting the links on the "Chapters" section.

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Last Updated: Monday 1 Jan, 2024

Far From the Madding Crowd Summary Overview

At the outset, Bathsheba Everdene, an attractive yet penniless young lady, crosses paths with Gabriel Oak, a humble farmer whose life she saves one night. Despite his marriage proposal, Bathsheba turns him down, unable to return his affections. After inheriting a profitable farm from her late uncle, she relocates to the town of Weatherbury. After a catastrophic incident annihilates Gabriel's farm and livestock, he leaves farming and ends up seeking employment in Weatherbury. Following his successful attempt to save a farm from a fire, he inquires about job opportunities and is employed by none other than Bathsheba. As Bathsheba navigates farm ownership, she playfully sends a valentine to neighbor Mr. Boldwood reading "Marry me". This sparks an obsession from the wealthy and attractive Boldwood who seeks her hand in marriage. Despite initial refusal, Bathsheba eventually agrees to reconsider Boldwood's proposal. During the same night, Bathsheba encounters charming Sergeant Troy, unaware that he has recently fathered a child with Fanny Robin, a local girl he nearly married. Troy's attraction to Bathsheba incites Boldwood's anger. Bathsheba, having rushed to warn Troy of Boldwood's fury, succumbs to Troy's persuasion and marries him, to the disapproval of her constant companion, Gabriel. Following Fanny's death in childbirth and the revelation of Troy's paternity, a remorseful Troy vanishes, presumably drowned. With Troy believed dead, Boldwood becomes increasingly insistent about marrying Bathsheba. However, Troy reappears at an ill-timed moment, just after Bathsheba agrees to Boldwood's marriage proposal at a Christmas party. In a fit of rage, Boldwood shoots Troy dead, leading to his lifetime imprisonment. Months later, Bathsheba finally marries Gabriel, who by now has become a successful bailiff.

chapter 1

Gabriel Oak, a twenty-eight-year-old farmer, was observing his land on a mild winter morning. He noticed a yellow wagon full of household items, including plants and pots, trundling down the road. The wagon was driven by a young brunette woman in a red jacket, who, thinking herself unobserved, admired her reflection in a mirror. She seemed pleased with her own appearance, thinking of herself as "a fair product of Nature in the feminine kind." When the driver returned, she put the mirror away and they continued on their way. Leaving his hidden post, Gabriel followed them. The wagon was halted at a tollgate. Despite the driver's protests, the stubborn gatekeeper demanded an additional fee, which the young woman refused to pay. Gabriel intervened, giving the gatekeeper two pence and stating, "Let the young woman pass." She barely acknowledged him. She didn't express thanks, leading Gabriel to believe "she felt none." Although Gabriel agreed with the gatekeeper's remark on the woman's beauty, he also noted her vanity, considering it her biggest flaw. He felt this was "what it is always... Vanity."

chapter 2

Amid the howling winds of Norcombe Hill on a winter's night, the melody of a flute wafted from a small shepherd's hut. Gabriel, the shepherd, was tending his flock of two hundred ewes. The farmer, who transitioned from servant to master in under a year, was performing his nightly duties. After checking on his ewes, he rushed a newborn lamb to the safety of his humble hut, equipped with the bare necessities and his flute. Laying the lamb near the fire, he quickly fell into slumber. The bleating of the revived lamb woke Gabriel, who rushed it back to its mother. Seeing a dim light flicker in the distance, Gabriel went to investigate. It was from another hut, where he saw two women nursing a sick cow and another that had recently given birth. The older woman was relieved at the cow's recovery, while the younger one expressed concern over the lack of male help and her missing hat. She pledged to go to town the next morning for supplies. The mystery woman's dark hair and red jacket revealed her to be the girl Gabriel had previously noticed in the wagon.

chapter 3

Gabriel discovered the girl's lost hat in a ditch when he heard her pony approaching one morning. Assuming she was retrieving her hat, he watched as she lay flat on her pony to miss the low branches - an unconventional sight. When she returned to the cattle shed, a farmhand traded her bags of grain for a milking pail. As she exited the hut, Gabriel approached her to return her hat, but his awkward conversation gave away that he had seen her unique riding. This revelation caused her embarrassment and disruption in their chat. He tactfully looked away, but when he glanced back, she had disappeared. Several days later, Gabriel entered his hut exhausted from his work. He stoked his stove intending to adjust the ventilation, but fell asleep before doing so. Waking up with his head in the girl's lap, she explained that his dog had brought her from the milking shed. With no water available, she had used milk to revive him. She chided him for his negligence but laughed as he thanked her, offering his name. The girl playfully tried to avoid his handshake, annoyed when he didn't attempt to kiss her hand, and left without revealing her name.

chapter 4

Gabriel learned the beautiful girl's name was Bathsheba Everdene. He was deeply smitten, watching her daily at the milking shed, and repeating her name constantly. "I'll make her my wife, or upon my soul I shall be good for nothing!" he declared. To spend time with her, Gabriel thought of gifting her a lamb that had lost its mother. He groomed himself and brought his dog, George, along. Hearing a female voice from her house, he reassured that his dog was "as mild as milk," but got no response. Once inside, Gabriel talked to Bathsheba's aunt, Mrs. Hurst, about his marriage intentions. To his dismay, Mrs. Hurst told him Bathsheba had plenty of suitors. "That's unfortunate... I'm only an everyday sort of man, and my only chance was in being the first comer," said a disappointed Gabriel, leaving the house. Bathsheba caught up to him, insisting that she had no other suitors, much to his joy: "'Really and truly I am glad to hear that!' said Farmer Oak, smiling... and blushing with gladness." Gabriel promised Bathsheba various gifts, including a piano. Uncertain, Bathsheba confessed she didn't love him and warned he may end up despising her. Gabriel steadfastly replied, "Never... I shall... keep wanting you till I die." When he asked if he could visit her, she found it absurd given his feelings. "'Very well,' said Oak firmly... 'Then I'll ask you no more.'"

chapter 5

Gabriel finds out that Bathsheba has left for Weatherbury, intensifying his feelings for her, even as he retains his stoic demeanor. After completing the lambing season on his sheep farm, he relishes the comfort of his actual bed. He summons his dogs, but only the older one, George, heeds the call. George's son is likely still enjoying a lamb carcass, a delicacy for him. George is apt and aware of his duties, unlike his young offspring who doesn’t yet understand his role. A sudden clamor of sheep bells disturbs Gabriel’s sleep. He traces the noise to a broken fence near a chalk pit. Young George, emboldened by his recent meal, has chased the flock over the cliff. Looking into the deep pit, Gabriel discovers two hundred pregnant ewes, dead or dying. His aspirations of owning a farm vanish with them. Gabriel feels immediate "pity for the untimely fate of these gentle ewes and their unborn lambs." Subsequently, he coldly fulfills his obligation: He kills the young dog. Gabriel figures out that by selling everything he possesses, he could just about pay off the dealer who funded his initial venture. Once the debt is cleared, Gabriel is left with only "the clothes he stood up in, and nothing more."

chapter 6

Casterbridge was bustling with its February hiring fair. Hundreds of workers were present, each flaunting their trade symbols. A young man stood out, assumed to be a farmer by the commoners around him. His response to each inquiry was, "I am looking for a place myself — a bailiff's." Sadly, no positions for bailiffs were available. Gabriel, the young man, had a shepherd's crook made and swapped his coat for a regular smock. Ironically, there was now a demand for bailiffs, but Gabriel's mention of his lost farm deterred potential employers. As the evening progressed, Gabriel took out his flute and began playing. His music was enjoyed by many, and he earned a decent amount of change. News of another fair in the town beyond Weatherbury reached Gabriel. He decided he would attend that fair via Weatherbury, hoping to see Bathsheba, a woman he had thought of earlier. While resting in an unattended haywagon, he woke up to find it moving. He overheard a conversation about a vain woman, whom he guessed to be Bathsheba, but dismissed the idea, thinking she couldn't possibly own a large farm. He left the wagon undetected. Suddenly, Gabriel spotted a fire in a rickyard and rushed towards it, understanding the gravity of the situation due to his knowledge of hay. Arriving at the scene, he naturally took charge. Among the crowd were two veiled women who recognized Gabriel as a shepherd. After the fire was put out, one woman sent her maid to thank Gabriel. The maid informed Gabriel that the other woman was the farm's owner. Gabriel approached her, asking, "Do you happen to want a shepherd, ma'am?" To his surprise, Bathsheba, the farm owner, lifted her veil. Gabriel asked his question again, stunned.

chapter 7

"Bathsheba... was uncertain whether to find amusement or discomfort in the peculiarities of the situation." Gabriel received robust support from the other firefighters, leading her to introduce him to her bailiff. As a token of gratitude, Bathsheba arranged a treat for all the volunteer firefighters at Warren's Malthouse. Although the bailiff, a rather unsociable man, employed Gabriel, he neither suggested a place for him to stay nor showed any willingness to do so. Instead, he directed Oak towards the malthouse for potential accommodation options. On his journey, Gabriel encountered a young woman by a tree. She assisted him with directions to Warren's Malthouse. However, when she asked him the route to Buck's Head, Gabriel couldn't provide one. Recognizing him as a newcomer, she commented, "Only a shepherd — and you seem almost a farmer by your ways." She requested that their meeting remain a secret. Gabriel noted the woman's perturbed state and her shivering in the cold. He offered her a shilling, his only spare change, stating, "It is all I have to spare." She gratefully accepted. Gabriel felt her trembling and left with a sense of deep melancholy, "he fancied that he had felt himself in the penumbra of a very deep sadness."

chapter 8

The malthouse, covered in ivy and featuring a single window in its door, radiated warmth from its lit hearth. The scent of malt hung in the air. As Gabriel Oak walked in, he was recognized by an old maltster who had known his father and grandfather. This recognition, along with a drink from a communal mug, helped him to integrate with the group present. The crowd was a mix of all kinds of rural characters — old, cheerful, shy, aggressive, and more. They gossiped about Miss Everdene's family history, her beauty, her dishonest bailiff, and her missing worker, Fanny Robin. Amidst the chatter, Gabriel's flute was spotted, and he was asked to play a tune. He obliged and shared his recent financial troubles. When the gathering started to disperse, Jan Coggan offered Gabriel a place to stay. Soon after, a man burst in with news that Miss Everdene had fired her bailiff for stealing, and that Fanny Robin was missing. Bathsheba requested a meeting with some of the men to discuss the matter. From an upper window, she directed them to investigate Fanny's disappearance in the nearby villages. It was mentioned that Fanny might be with a soldier in Casterbridge. Finally alone, Gabriel lay in his bed, reminiscing about Bathsheba. He decided to collect his modest possessions, particularly his small but well-read library.

chapter 9

Bathsheba's residence, described as an "ancient building of the early stage of Classic Renaissance," had previously served as an estate hall. Detailed stonework and Gothic accents decorated the building, with moss adding a softened touch. The structure, now functioning as a farmhouse, seemed to have shifted its layout. Inside, Bathsheba and her maid, Liddy, were organizing the previous owner's possessions in one of the upper rooms. Liddy, a descendant of the old maltster, was recognized for "her face as a prominent advertisement of the light-hearted English country girl." Maryann Money was busy cleaning, and Mrs. Coggan was occupied in the kitchen. A gentleman's arrival on horseback disturbed their work. After a bit of chaos about who would answer the door, Mrs. Coggan, covered in flour, greeted Mr. Boldwood. She informed him that Bathsheba was occupied with "dusting bottles sir, and is quite a object." Boldwood was merely checking if Fanny had been found. After he left, the girls informed Bathsheba about Boldwood, a 40-year-old farmer and bachelor. He had helped Fanny, having sent her to school and later securing her a job with Bathsheba's uncle. They described Boldwood as kind but "never was such a hopeless man for a woman!" since he had always resisted women's advances. Bathsheba, feeling irritable, suggested that Maryann should have been married by now. Maryann responded, "But what between the poor men I won't have, and the rich men who won't have me, I stand as a pelican in the wilderness!" In response to Liddy's question about whether anyone ever proposed to her, Bathsheba confirmed that "a man wanted to once," but he wasn't good enough for her. At that moment, they noticed a group of employees arriving.

chapter 10

Bathsheba had a meeting with the farmworkers who were waiting in the hall. She and her companion, Liddy, who carried an air of privilege, took out the time book and the money bag. She revealed that she had fired the bailiff and would now be running the farm herself, which left the men stunned. As she went through the list of workers, each man had a chance to state his case, with some resorting to humor. A young boy, Cainy Ball, was assigned as Gabriel's assistant, who conversed with Bathsheba confidently. When asked about Fanny, Bathsheba found out that despite Boldwood's efforts to search the pond, there was no sign of her. It was then that Smallbury arrived, carrying news from Casterbridge. The soldiers had left, and Fanny had gone with them. Apparently, her companion was a soldier of a higher rank. Bathsheba proposed that this news should be shared with Boldwood. Before ending the meeting, Bathsheba made a promise to her workers. She assured them that if they worked well for her, she would do the same for them. She planned to get up early and supervise the work personally. She ended the meeting by stating she would surprise everyone with her abilities.

chapter 11

A figure emerged on a riverside path, late in the frigid night. It could be seen counting the windows of a nearby barracks. The figure, a woman, hurled a tiny snowball towards the fifth window, missing it considerably. The throw was described as, "the idea of a man conjoined with the execution of a woman. No man... could possibly have thrown with such utter imbecility as was shown here." Eventually, after several attempts, she managed to hit the intended window. Upon hearing the impact, a man inside the barracks inquired about the identity of the visitor. The woman, Fanny Robin, confessed her identity, declaring herself the supposed wife of Sergeant Troy due to his repeated promises. They planned a meeting the following day to publicise their marriage banns. Fanny then departed, leaving Troy's fellow soldiers laughing in the background.

chapter 12

Bathsheba, determined to be a successful farmer, visited the corn market in Casterbridge. Watching men bargain with expressive faces and hand gestures, she navigated the scene with a distinctly feminine grace, making her stand out "as a chaise among carts." She started by interacting with farmers she recognized, gradually mustering the courage to approach others. She brought her corn samples and showcased her growing expertise in the trade. She was quickly gaining proficiency in her work, which was unexpected due to her gender. She didn't interrupt conversations, allowing others to complete their thoughts before responding, yet she remained unyielding on her price points. Her determination intrigued the men, who admired her for both her courage and her beauty. However, one man, around forty and with an air of dignity, didn't show any interest. His indifference led Bathsheba to assume he was single, sparking her curiosity. On their way home, Bathsheba mentioned him to Liddy, who wasn't sure who she was referring to. Just then, a carriage with the aloof man passed by, and Liddy recognized him as Farmer Boldwood, whom Bathsheba had previously declined to meet. He nonchalantly ignored their presence, leading to speculation about his cold demeanor for the remainder of their journey home. Bathsheba and Liddy pondered if he had been rejected in love or if it was simply his nature to be aloof. Liddy agreed with every conjecture Bathsheba proposed.

chapter 13

Bathsheba and Liddy, described as "like a little brook, though shallow was always rippling," engage in an old wives' tale on a Sunday afternoon. They use a key and the Bible to predict their future husbands. Bathsheba reads from the Book of Ruth and feels a little embarrassed. "It was Wisdom in the abstract facing Folly in the concrete." Post this, Liddy tries to guess if Bathsheba had been pondering about Boldwood while performing the ritual. She also mentions that everyone except Boldwood, who was seated in the same pew line, was focused on Bathsheba. Bathsheba is not bothered by this. During their conversation, Bathsheba remembers buying a Valentine's card for young Teddy Coggan and starts writing a verse on it. Liddy persuades her to send it to Boldwood instead. Consequently, Bathsheba addresses it to Boldwood and selects a seal from her collection that reads, "Marry me." "So very idly and unreflectingly was this deed done. Of love as a spectacle Bathsheba had a fair knowledge; but of love subjectively she knew nothing."

chapter 14

Boldwood found himself in his lounge, which seemed to harbor a constant vibe of a Puritan's Sabbath. The unidentified Valentine note intrigued him, as he felt it must've served a purpose and had a source. Despite his efforts, Boldwood found himself continuously drawn towards the enigma. He attempted to picture the person who sent it. After placing the note on his mirror, he was aware of it throughout the night. His sleep was restless and he awoke to observe the dawn. The morning light cast an ethereal glow on the dewy fields. The postman's arrival with an envelope caused Boldwood to hastily open it, anticipating another anonymous note, illustrating how "greatly are people's ideas of probability a mere sense that precedent will repeat itself." The postman clarified that it was meant for the newly employed shepherd, triggering Boldwood to realize it was meant for Gabriel Oak. Spotting him in the distance across the meadow, with his dog trailing behind, Boldwood decided to deliver the letter to him and provide an apology for mistakenly opening it.

chapter 15

Having rested briefly, the maltster prepared a simple meal of bread and bacon, consumed in a rustic, plateless manner, despite his lack of teeth. His gums were toughened from years of use. The Malthouse, managed by Warren, served as an informal gathering place, a substitute for the local pub. Henery, along with several carters, arrived and expressed skepticism about Bathsheba's ability to run the farm effectively, along with disapproval at her recent purchase of a piano and other elaborate furnishings. Henery harbored ambitions to be a bailiff, and voiced his disappointment at what he perceived as divine injustice. This sparked a theological debate. Gabriel Oak arrived with a few newborn lambs that needed warmth, as there was no shepherd's hut in the fields. Upon learning that the men had been criticizing Bathsheba, Gabriel was incensed and warned them against slandering her. To mollify him, the men complimented him and changed the subject. Joseph then became the butt of their jokes due to his inferior farming skills. Gabriel admitted that he too desired the position of bailiff. Boldwood appeared, bearing a letter from Fanny Robin addressed to Gabriel, expressing her gratitude for his assistance and returning his shilling, while requesting further discretion and revealing her intention to marry Sergeant Troy. Gabriel shared the letter with Boldwood, aware of the farmer's past kindness to Fanny. However, Boldwood expressed skepticism about her intended marriage to Troy, who he knew to be unreliable. Suddenly, young Cainy interrupted the gathering, out of breath from racing to announce the birth of additional twin lambs. Gabriel marked the recovered lambs with Bathsheba's initials before leaving. Before he departed, Boldwood asked Gabriel to identify the author of the anonymous Valentine's note. Upon learning that it was Bathsheba's handwriting, Boldwood left in a troubled state.

chapter 16

The quiet assembly at All Saints' Church was interrupted by the noise of spurs following a weekday service. A man in military uniform entered and talked to the clergyman. A woman in the crowd anticipated a wedding, suggesting they should stay and watch. The parishioners overheard the ticking of the chapel's clock marking half past eleven through the vestry's doorway. Still, no bride appeared, leading to snickering among the crowd. The same happened at the quarter-to-twelve mark. The murmuring audience speculated about the bride's whereabouts. The same scenario occurred at the stroke of twelve. The irritated sergeant was about to depart when Fanny came in, panting, admitting she had been waiting at All Souls', mistaking it for All Saints’. She proposed they reschedule for the next day. However, Troy declined to repeat such an event. A shaky Fanny inquired about the new wedding date. "'Ah, when? God knows!' he said, with a light irony, and turning from her, walked rapidly away."

chapter 17

Boldwood came across Bathsheba at the market on Saturday. Seeing her beauty, he was struck, describing the encounter as "Adam had awakened from his deep sleep, and behold! there was Eve... and for the first time he really looked at her." Unsure of his judgement due to his lack of experience with women, he discreetly asked a fellow bystander, "Is Miss Everdene considered handsome?" Upon confirmation of her attractiveness, Boldwood was filled with envy observing her in conversation with a young farmer. Bathsheba discerned the impact she had made and was remorseful for her whimsical behavior. She contemplated saying sorry, stating, "She that day nearly formed the intention of begging his pardon... The worst features of this arrangement were that, if he thought she ridiculed him, an apology would increase the offense by being disbelieved; and if he thought she wanted him to woo her, it would read like additional evidence of her forwardness."

chapter 18

Boldwood exuded an air of nobility, residing in a secluded house with a stable filled with high-quality horses. The entire property was shrouded in vegetation. Tending to his horses was akin to a religious rite for Boldwood. His home served as his sanctuary, his "almonry and cloister in one." Boldwood’s sturdy frame was more noticeable than ever. His posture was hunched, his gait heavy and his visage almost always downcast. There were only "a few clear and thread-like horizontal lines" on his otherwise unblemished face. His stoic demeanor, which could impress bystanders, was the result of two opposing forces in harmony within him. Any disturbance could throw him off balance and into chaos instantly. Had Bathsheba known of his volatile nature, she would have been afraid. It was the onset of spring, with nature coming to life all around. Bathsheba was out in the fields with Oak and Cainy. Seeing her, Boldwood's face brightened "as the moon lights up a great tower" and he decided to approach her. As he neared, Bathsheba turned red. Gabriel, sensitive to her feelings, recalled Boldwood's question about the valentine's handwriting and wondered if she had a part in it. However, Boldwood chose not to address her. Noticing her effect on him, Bathsheba decided not to repeat her actions, but as the saying goes, "a resolution to avoid an evil is seldom formed till the evil is so far advanced as to make avoidance impossible."

chapter 19

Boldwood went to see Bathsheba but she wasn't home. He had overlooked the fact that, as a diligent farmer, she could be outdoors. He had so idealized her that he found it hard to view her as an ordinary person like himself. Their connection was characterized by "visual familiarity, oral strangeness. The smaller human elements were kept out of sight; the pettinesses that enter so largely into all earthly living and doing were disguised by the accident of lover and loved one not being on visiting terms." He decided to seek her out. Bathsheba was at the sheep-washing pool in a blooming field, donned in a stylish new riding dress. Two farmhands and Gabriel worked to immerse the sheep into the water, submerge them, saturate their dense fleece, and lift them out with a crook. Boldwood greeted Bathsheba, who assumed he was there to see the washing. As she retreated, he pursued her, his quiet emotion apparent. Without beating around the bush, he confessed his love, sharing details about his age, background, and his longing for her. Bathsheba, however, politely turned him down. He pressed on, showing remorse for his lack of eloquence but affirming he wouldn't have confessed if he didn't hold out hope. "You are too dignified for me to suit you sir," she responded, hastily apologizing for the thoughtless valentine. He persisted that it wasn't carelessness, but instinct that led her to send it. He pleaded again until she requested him to halt, begging for time. "Then she turned away. Boldwood dropped his gaze to the ground, and stood long like a man who did not know where he was. Realities then returned to him like the pain of a wound received in an excitement which eclipses it, and he, too, then went on."

chapter 20

Although Bathsheba recognized Boldwood as a desirable match, she didn't harbor romantic feelings for him. The writer explains that Boldwood's offer of love isn't true kindness, but self-indulgence. Bathsheba still enjoyed her freedom and the excitement of being a landowner, embodying a combination of thoughtful contemplation and impulsive spirit. The following day, Bathsheba joined Gabriel, who was sharpening shears with the assistance of Cainy Ball. When she sent Cainy away, she took over his task, but struggled. Gabriel guided her hands to show the right technique. Simultaneously, she probed about the farmhands' remarks on her interaction with Boldwood. Gabriel confessed that they'd speculated about a potential marriage, and when Bathsheba urged him to deny the rumors, he declined to lie for her. He criticized her behavior as unfitting of a considerate woman, leading to an argument where Bathsheba hinted his bitterness could stem from her previous rejection. In response, Gabriel stated he no longer contemplated marriage to her and reiterated the wrongness of her playing with Boldwood's affections. Bathsheba, aggravated, fired Gabriel effective end of the week. Preferring immediate departure, Gabriel agreed. " 'Go at once then, in Heaven's name!' said she, her eyes flashing at his, though never meeting them. 'Don't let me ever see your face any more.'" Gabriel left peacefully, mirroring the departure of "Moses from the presence of Pharaoh."

chapter 21

A day after Gabriel's departure, Bathsheba was informed by her workers that her sheep had gotten into a clover field and were gravely ill. "'And they be getting blasted,' said Henery Fray... 'And will all die as dead as nits, if they bain't got out and cured!' said Tall." Bathsheba chastised them for not taking immediate action and rushed to the sick animals herself, despite her elegant attire. The men informed her that the sheep required piercing to relieve them of their distress, a procedure only Gabriel was proficient in. Bathsheba was upset at Gabriel's absence. When the men suggested she seek help from Boldwood, she dismissed the idea, despite being informed that Boldwood's herd had suffered a similar fate in the past and he had needed Gabriel's help. The death of a sheep prompted her to send for Gabriel. With Gabriel's refusal to come unless formally invited, Bathsheba was left with no choice but to write him a personal request. Her note ended with a plea: "Do not desert me, Gabriel!" As Gabriel arrived, Bathsheba voiced her gratitude but also her disappointment in his initial refusal. Gabriel proceeded to treat the sick animals, successfully performing forty-nine operations. Though four sheep had died before his arrival, he managed to save fifty-seven. "'Gabriel, will you stay on with me?' she said, smiling winningly, and not troubling to bring her lips together again at the end, because there was going to be another smile soon. '‘I will,' said Gabriel. "And she smiled on him again."

chapter 22

"Gabriel had lately shown remarkable independence and vigor after a period of difficulty... Yet, his persistent lingering around Bathsheba Everdene was wastefully consuming his time." Gabriel indulged in the beauty of the countryside on this first day of June. Amid the grandeur of the ancient barn, he took part in the age-old sheep-shearing ceremony. Everyone had their part to play. Women collected the shorn wool while Bathsheba oversaw the men, ensuring they sheared closely but without causing injury. Any negligence was swiftly addressed. Gabriel, under Bathsheba's watchful eye, sheared a sheep in an impressively quick twenty-three and a half minutes. Cainy provided the tar pot. The initials B. E. were marked on the fresh skin before the breathless creature was set free, rejoining "the shirtless flock outside." Boldwood made an unexpected entrance, conversing with Bathsheba while Gabriel kept shearing. Bathsheba disappeared, only to return in her new equestrian attire. Gabriel, distracted, accidentally cut a sheep. Bathsheba scolded him, to which he calmly treated the injury. The pair then left to inspect Boldwood's Leicesters. "A sure sign of impending nuptials," one woman speculated, starting the rumor mill. Henery, still bitter about being passed over for the role of bailiff, was the most vocal. Gabriel, meanwhile, seemed lost in thought. The rest eagerly anticipated the grand feast that would conclude the shearing ritual.

chapter 23

At the shearing supper, a table is set outside the house and partially in the parlor. Bathsheba, looking radiant, is situated at the head of the table from within the parlor, separate from the men. She invites Gabriel to sit at the far end of the table, but moves him when Boldwood arrives late. Following supper, the men engage in song. While Poorgrass struggles due to his drunkenness, everyone else happily participates. The atmosphere is jovial, with the guests talking and laughing even as the sun sets. However, Gabriel soon realizes that Boldwood has slipped away from the social gathering. Spotting him in the parlor, Gabriel finds him seated next to Bathsheba. The group then requests Bathsheba to sing. After some thought, she agrees and is accompanied by Gabriel's flute while Boldwood contributes in his deep bass. After the song, Bathsheba bids everyone goodnight. Boldwood stays in the parlor to propose to Bathsheba once more. She gives him a glimmer of hope, saying she might agree to marry him when he returns from a weeks-long journey. He leaves, seemingly content. Nevertheless, Bathsheba has reservations and is simultaneously thrilled and terrified by the situation she has created. She marvels at her newfound taste for the dramatic, mixed with a sense of victory.

chapter 24

Bathsheba often checked the farm before going to bed, with Gabriel usually accompanying her, keeping a watchful eye on her tasks. This deep dedication was largely unnoticed by Bathsheba, and the little she recognized, she didn't seem to appreciate. She believed men were inconsistent in love, but disregarded his unwavering commitment. Carrying a dark lantern, Bathsheba returned from her inspection through a blackened fir forest, listening to the peaceful sounds of grazing animals. Suddenly, she tripped as her skirt got caught, due to an unexpected encounter with a stranger. The man requested for her to light her lantern, revealing a red military jacket and the spur that had snagged her skirt. His efforts to release her were half-hearted, leading her to free herself. The dashing soldier, introducing himself as Sergeant Troy, expressed his gratitude for getting to see her beauty. He generously complimented her, saying, "I wish it had been the knot of knots, which there's no untying!" Bathsheba, both flattered and taken aback, rushed home, where her maid, Liddy, briefed her about Troy's fame as a charmer. Bathsheba started feeling remorseful for her harsh reaction, realizing that Troy was just being nice. Compared to Troy, Boldwood seemed lacking, especially since he never directly complimented her beauty, a fact Bathsheba saw as a crucial mistake.

chapter 25

Sergeant Troy was a unique individual, unburdened by the past or future, existing solely in the present. His approach to life was very much focused on the here and now. His recollections were burdensome, and his foresights unnecessary. His existence was defined by the present moment, and he was only susceptible to what occurred within it. He lived by the mantra that the past was merely yesterday and the future was merely tomorrow, disregarding any concept of a day after tomorrow. Troy's honesty was situational, being somewhat truthful to his fellow men, but often misleading and complimenting women. He believed there were only two ways to interact with women - either flatter them or resort to foul language. He even went as far as saying that a fair treatment of women was a sure path to a man's downfall. Bathsheba, on the other hand, welcomed the absence of Boldwood. She was overseeing the hay harvesting in her fields when she spotted a red uniform hiding behind a wagon. The sergeant was participating in the haymaking for his own enjoyment, and his contribution during such a hectic time was viewed as a noble service to the farm's owner. When Bathsheba came into sight, Troy immediately dropped his fork, picked up his riding whip, and approached her, causing Bathsheba to blush and lower her gaze.

chapter 26

Troy started off by apologizing to Bathsheba for his previous impudence, referring to her as the "Queen of the Corn-Market," a title he learned from others. He clarified that his current presence was due to his habitual help in her uncle's fields. Bathsheba responded coolly to his apology and made it clear that she did not want to feel indebted to him. Despite her cold attitude, Troy continued to praise Bathsheba's beauty, causing her to feel flustered and ultimately yield to his praises. Her surrender marked a significant turning point in their relationship. Troy expressed his regret that he could only remain for a month and declared his premature love for Bathsheba. She found such quick affection hard to believe. Attempting to gift her his watch, a family heirloom from his biologic dad, Troy wished to make his affection tangible. Initially, he had not intended for Bathsheba to accept his noble gift, but her beauty and grace stirred genuine emotions within him, causing him to insist on her acceptance. Bathsheba declined the watch yet again but allowed Troy to continue working on her fields. Overwhelmed by the day's events, she retreated back home, wondering about her actions and their implications.

chapter 27

Late in June, Bathsheba observed the bees finally clustering on a high branch of a massive tree. With all the farm workers busy with the hay, she chose to manage the bees by herself. Fully covered in protective attire including a hat, veil, and gloves, she climbed a ladder to reach the swarm. Unexpectedly, Troy showed up and offered assistance, expressing his luck in coming at the right time. Bathsheba insisted he wear the protective gear, and seeing him dressed so unusually made her laugh. This broke down some formal barriers between them. Once Troy had brought down the bee-filled hive, he complained that it tired his arm more than a week of sword practice. Upon hearing Bathsheba had never seen swordplay, he proposed a private demonstration that night. Initially, Bathsheba planned to bring Liddy along but changed her mind upon seeing Troy's cold reaction, agreeing to come alone for a brief visit. Troy assured her, "'It will not take five minutes.'"

chapter 28

Bathsheba emerged among the tall ferns on a midsummer evening when she spotted someone in a red coat approaching. Contemplating the disappointment Troy would feel if she didn't show up, she rushed back to the hollow. There, she saw Troy waiting at the bottom of a pit in the ferns. Troy's swordplay was skillful, showy, and somewhat terrifying. He waved his sword around Bathsheba, pretending she was his enemy. She felt as though she could actually be stabbed. One of his final tricks was tidying a loose lock of her hair with his sword, saying, "That outer loose lock of hair wants tidying... Wait: I'll do it for you." The sword descended, and a lock of hair fell to the ground. Troy also speared a caterpillar that had landed on Bathsheba's chest, revealing that his sword was extremely sharp. "You have been within half an inch of being pared alive two hundred and ninety-five times." Afterwards, Troy collected the fallen lock of Bathsheba's hair and tucked it into his coat. He announced his departure and vanished. Overwhelmed by her feelings, Bathsheba broke down in tears, burdened with guilt "like one who has sinned a great sin." The cause of her emotional turmoil was a kiss: "The circumstances had been the gentle dip of Troy's mouth downwards upon her own. He had kissed her."

chapter 29

"Bathsheba's love for Troy was unique, as she was a strong woman who had willingly abandoned her independence for him. This was a new experience for her, and her unfamiliarity with such vulnerability made her feel even more defenseless. Bathsheba kept her feelings for Troy hidden from everyone, even Liddy, only previously discussing Boldwood with her. This caught Gabriel Oak's attention, causing him concern. He decided to confront Bathsheba, reasoning that she was being unjust to Boldwood. During an evening stroll, Oak encountered Bathsheba and subtly suggested Troy might be a bad influence. With Boldwood absent, Oak offered to safeguard her. Bathsheba, however, denied any impending marriage to Boldwood and insisted she hadn't responded to the farmer's proposal. Oak highlighted Troy's lack of integrity and his life's downwards spiral, but Bathsheba defended him. Oak pleaded with her to stay cautious to maintain her reputation and out of respect for Boldwood who also loved her. Bathsheba considered firing Oak for his interference, but he promised to leave only if she hired a competent bailiff. When she declined, Oak stayed put. She then asked him to leave her be, and he obliged, not wanting to spy on her meeting with Troy. Troy had claimed to Bathsheba that he secretly attended church, using a side entrance. But when Oak checked, he found the side door overrun with ivy, proving its disuse and casting doubt on Troy's honesty."

chapter 30

Bathsheba, despite her earlier commitment, couldn't hold back her feelings. She vividly remembered Troy's parting words and his goodnight kiss before he left for a two-day trip to Bath. Feeling restless, she hastily wrote a rejection letter to Boldwood. As she passed the letter to a servant for mailing, she overheard them gossiping about her and Troy. In a fit of anger, she declared her hatred for Troy but simultaneously defended him, and demanded the gossip to stop. When alone with Liddy, she confessed her love for Troy and wanted assurance that the circulating rumors about him were false. Liddy, wanting to make her happy, agreed. Irritated by Liddy's compliance, Bathsheba warned, "Mind this, Lydia Smallbury, if you repeat anywhere a single word of what I have said to you inside this closed door, I'll never trust you, or love you, or have you with me a moment longer — not a moment!" Liddy, taken aback, responded, "'I don't want to repeat anything,' ... 'but I don't wish to stay with you. And, if you please, I'll go at the end of the harvest, or this week, or today... I don't see that I deserve to be put upon and stormed at for nothing!'" This led to a reconciliation fueled by tears, with Liddy vowing to always remain Bathsheba's friend, her tears serving as an emotional final touch to the scene.

chapter 31

Bathsheba's plan to avoid Boldwood by visiting her sister Liddy during her holiday was thwarted when she bumped into the very man she was trying to steer clear of. He was clearly upset by her letter of dismissal and spoke strongly of his feelings for her: "You know what that feeling is... A thing as strong as death. No dismissal by a hasty letter affects that." Boldwood appeared desperate and unstable as he insisted she must have harbored some affection for him, referencing the valentine. In a bid to dismiss his assertions, Bathsheba replied, "You overrate my capacity for love." Boldwood, however, was convinced that she was not as unfeeling as she portrayed herself. He claimed, "You have love enough, but it is turned to a new channel. I know where." Bathsheba was taken aback and could not refute his claim. This drove Boldwood to a state of uncontrollable anger and he began to rant, blaming and threatening her. "Bathsheba, sweet, lost coquette, pardon me! I've been blaming you, threatening you, behaving like a churl to you, when he's the greatest sinner. He stole your dear heart away with his unfathomable lies!... I pray God he may not come into my sight, for I may be tempted beyond myself... yes, keep him away from me." After his passionate outburst, Boldwood left, leaving Bathsheba bewildered. She had trouble understanding such intense emotions in a usually composed man. She began to worry about Troy. Until then, she had been in command of her emotions. "But now there was no reserve. In her distraction, instead of advancing further, she walked up and down, beating the air with her fingers, pressing her brow, and sobbing brokenly to herself." The arrival of copper clouds foretold a storm, and stars filled the sky. Bathsheba, however, was oblivious to her surroundings. "Her troubled spirit was far away with Troy."

chapter 32

The tranquility of Weatherbury mirrored a graveyard, with the town's inhabitants almost as silent as the deceased. The church bell struck eleven, its sound echoing in the otherwise silent night. Maryann, alone in a manor, was startled by a mysterious footfall. She observed a gray figure entering the paddock, followed by the sound of a gig receding in the distance. Alarmed at the possibility of gypsies stealing the cart, she rushed to Coggan's home, where Gabriel resided. Upon investigation, they discovered that Dainty, the horse, had been taken. To track the horse down, Gabriel proposed borrowing horses from Boldwood due to their speed and lightness. They traced the hoofmarks and were certain it belonged to Dainty due to its unique shoeing. Eventually, they caught up at a tollgate only to find that Bathsheba was the so-called thief. Bathsheba disclosed that an urgent matter led her to abandon her trip to Liddy's. Unable to alert Maryann, she left a chalked message on the coach-house door. She confidently stated that after removing a stone from Dainty's shoe, she could reach Bath by dawn, a calculation the men doubted. Bathsheba had been contemplating her predicament and resolved that there were only two solutions: keep Troy away from Weatherbury until Boldwood's rage simmered down, or heed the advice of Oak and Boldwood and abandon Troy altogether. Bathsheba's decision to follow Troy to Bath meant a likely encounter with him, a thought she chose to ignore. Her subsequent plan was to head to Yalbury from Bath, meet Liddy, and return with her.

chapter 33

A week passed without Bathsheba's return, and a note informed Maryann of her mistress's delay. In the ensuing week, oat harvest commenced. Amidst the work, a messenger was spotted by the laborers. Maryann, aiding in binding sheaves, felt uneasy, having broken the door key earlier. The courier turned out to be Cainy Ball, enjoying a day off due to an inflamed finger. His peers discussed the benefits of such minor ailments, allowing for leisure time. Struggling to breathe properly, Cainy irritated everyone since he couldn't relay his message. After being pounded and given cider, he managed to reveal his visit to Bath, where he'd seen Bathsheba in the company of a soldier. "And I think the sojer was Sergeant Troy. And they sat there together for more than half-an-hour, talking moving things, and she once was crying a'most to death. And when they came out her eyes were shining and she was as white as a lily; and they looked into one another's faces, as far gone friendly as a man and woman can be." Devastated, Gabriel attempted to extract more information, but Cainy had nothing else to report, preferring to discuss the marvels of Bath instead. Coggan advised Gabriel not to fret over Bathsheba's companionship, stating it shouldn't matter since she couldn't be his. Gabriel agreed, saying, "'That's the very thing I say to myself.'"

chapter 34

Gabriel Oak was relieved to see Bathsheba and Liddy safe in a carriage that evening. Later, Boldwood tried to visit Bathsheba, but was turned away by Liddy. He then spotted Troy stepping out of a van. Having met Troy previously at the carrier's house, Boldwood decided to confront him. He revealed to Troy that he knew about Fanny's elopement and offered money for Troy to marry her, despite Troy's protests of poverty and reluctance. This led to a heated exchange with Boldwood blaming Troy for ruining his chances with Bathsheba. Boldwood proposed a financial settlement for Fanny, trying to convince Troy that Bathsheba was only playing with his feelings. Troy agreed to accept fifty pounds immediately, with a promise of five hundred more if he married Fanny. Even though Troy considered Fanny below his social standing, he agreed to the proposition. When Bathsheba arrived, she and Troy shared a private conversation, unbeknownst to Boldwood. After sending Bathsheba home, Troy arrogantly invited Boldwood to join him, leaving the farmer distraught. Boldwood pleaded with Troy to marry Bathsheba to protect her honor, revealing the depth of his own feelings. Surprisingly, Troy accepted the rest of Boldwood's money, but asked him to not inform Bathsheba about their financial agreement. At his door, Troy handed Boldwood a newspaper, illuminating it with a candle for him to read about his marriage to Bathsheba. Troy taunted Boldwood, threw the money onto the road, and locked the door. That entire night, Boldwood wandered the hills surrounding Weatherbury in despair.

chapter 35

At dawn, Gabriel and Coggan were out in the fields when they heard a window opening. Seeing Troy, Coggan proclaimed, "She has married him!" Gabriel, pale and silent, was lost in thoughts of regret and possible deceit involving Bathsheba. On their way back, they were hailed by Troy. After a brief exchange about the old-fashioned house, Troy abruptly asked if there were any signs of mental illness in Boldwood's lineage. Coggan recalled a disturbed uncle, but Troy dismissed it. He then promised to join them in fieldwork soon and tossed them a coin to celebrate his health. Despite his anger, Gabriel held his peace at Coggan's insistence, as he believed Troy would eventually become their boss. Upon their encounter with Boldwood, they were reminded of Troy's earlier inquiry. Gabriel momentarily forgot his own sorrow observing Boldwood's distress, finding it more poignant than a cry of despair.

chapter 36

As August drew to a close, storms loomed, causing Gabriel Oak to fret over eight vulnerable stacks of hay. Despite this, Troy planned a harvest feast that evening. Arriving at the festively adorned barn, Gabriel heard melodies float through the air as fiddlers played for the dancers. When asked to select a song, Bathsheba deferred, and "The Soldier's joy" was chosen. Troy took Bathsheba for a dance, revealing he had quit the army but retained his soldier's spirit. Gabriel attempted to alert Troy about the impending storm, but his concerns were dismissed. Troy declared it was a celebration of their wedding, promising a potent drink for all. Bathsheba's pleas that the men were already intoxicated fell on deaf ears, and Troy asked the women to leave, prompting Bathsheba's departure in anger. Gabriel stayed out of courtesy but was later berated by Troy for declining another drink. On his way home, Gabriel had an unusual encounter – he "kicked something which felt and sounded soft, leathery, and distended, like a boxing-glove." Realizing it was a toad, and it was unharmed, he returned it to the grass. Gabriel took this as a sign of an approaching storm, a notion further confirmed when a garden slug sought shelter in his home. Following his instincts, he observed the sheep "crowded close together... all grouped in such a way that their tails, without a single exception, were toward that half of the horizon from which the storm threatened." Convinced of the imminent storm, Gabriel calculated the potential loss of five wheat stacks and three barley ones could total seven hundred and fifty pounds. He rushed back to the barn to seek assistance, but found the men passed out in a chaotic heap, with Troy at the center. Realizing he was on his own, Gabriel fetched the granary key from Tall's home and uncovered sailcloth and tools. He used these to protect the stacks, managing to cover all but two wheat stacks and thatched the barley ones.

chapter 37

The approaching storm was announced by thunder and lightning, prompting Bathsheba to light a candle in her room and sending Gabriel Oak to rig a makeshift lightning rod. Bathsheba ventured out into the fields when she found out that Troy was slumbering. Despite being startled by a flash of lightning, she was steadied by Gabriel and helped gather the sheaves. They narrowly escaped potential harm when a lightning illuminated a "dance of death" among the trees. Despite Gabriel's suggestion to leave, Bathsheba chose to stay and help, expressing gratitude for his kindness. Bathsheba deduced the whereabouts of the other men when Gabriel failed to disclose it. She murmured, "I know it all — all... They are... in a drunken sleep, and my husband among them." She peered into the dark barn where the men were sleeping, confirming her suspicion. Bathsheba then unexpectedly admitted the motive behind her Bath visit; she had planned to end things with Troy, but out of jealousy and confusion, she ended up marrying him. Gabriel and Bathsheba worked without exchanging words until her fatigue became apparent. As Gabriel continued to work alone, a change in wind direction, signaled by a grating noise from the coach-house, led to a downpour.

chapter 38

"At five o'clock, the dawn was starting to show in dull and ashy colors." Gabriel combats the strengthening wind by securing wheat ricks with fence rails while the rain pours down. His mind drifts back to eight months ago when he battled a fire in the exact location, prompted by his affection for the same woman. Weary from his task, he spots some figures moving from the barn, two hours later. Among them, a person clad in scarlet heads towards the house. He discovers that they've forgotten the ricks. On his way back, Gabriel crosses paths with Boldwood who comments on Gabriel's sickly appearance and probes about his troubles. He mentions his labor on the ricks, reminding Boldwood of his own forgotten ones, a mistake he would've never made in the past. "Despite his personal pain, Gabriel thought, here's a man who's suffered more." Consumed with public opinion, Boldwood asserts Bathsheba didn't ditch him as she had made no promises to him. His face reveals his sorrow as he mourns his fate, but he quickly regains his composure and resumes his stoic demeanor, ending the conversation by saying, "Well good morning; I can trust you not to mention to others what has passed between us two here."

chapter 39

Bathsheba and Troy were traveling up Yalbury Hill, with Troy on foot. He was out of uniform and was concerned about his gambling losses due to a damp racecourse. Tearfully, Bathsheba warned him about the possible loss of their farm if his reckless spending continued. However, he showed annoyance at her cautionary advice, calling her "chicken-hearted". Suddenly, a woman appeared, asking Troy about the operating hours of the workhouse gates while his back was turned. Startled by her voice but not looking at her, he answered. Hearing his voice, "she uttered an hysterical cry, and fell down." Troy then told Bathsheba to go away. Troy and the woman were alone now. He questioned why she hadn't written to him, and she admitted her fear. He gave her what little money he had, explaining his wife was controlling his finances. He instructed her to wait at the Casterbridge Union-house until Monday. He promised to meet her on Gray's Bridge, give her more money, and arrange for her accommodation. When Troy caught up with Bathsheba, he confessed to knowing the woman, though claimed he didn't know her name. "I think you do.'" "'Think if you will, and be — ' The sentence was completed by a smart cut of the whip round Poppet's flank, which caused the animal to start forward at a wild pace. No more was said."

chapter 40

The woman persisted in her journey, pausing occasionally to gather strength and pray. Milestones were her motivation to keep going. Her face, illuminated briefly by a passing carriage, was a mix of youthful structure and aged features. At an isolated copsewood, she found two Y-shaped sticks to use as makeshift crutches, aiding her to her final milestone. Here, she faltered, fell and struggled to get up. A stray dog approached, licking her face. "In her reclining position she looked up to him just as... she had, when standing, looked up to a man." The dog, as destitute as her, hesitated then returned, recognizing her dire situation. Leaning on him, she managed to progress. They reached a dilapidated, ivy-covered building that had become a town attraction. She rang the bell before collapsing. A man appeared and sought assistance to get her inside. Reviving slightly, she inquired about the dog. "'I stoned him away,' said the man. The group then proceeded inside - the man leading with the light, and two thin women supporting the smaller, more agile woman. So, they vanished into the house.

chapter 41

Troy asked Bathsheba for money without giving a reason, which troubled her. He evaded her queries and told her not to probe too much. When Bathsheba expressed that their relationship was nearing its end, Troy replied, "All romances end at marriage." Even after a quarrel, she handed him £20 from her household funds. Within his watch, she noticed a lock of yellow hair, which Troy confessed was from a girl he had intended to marry in the past. Bathsheba's jealousy was evident, but Troy was indifferent. He said, "I can't help how things fall out... upon my heart, women will be the death of me!" He left her upset. Bathsheba had agreed to marry Troy not out of desire for marriage, but out of sacrifice. The day after, Bathsheba inspected the farm and was informed that Troy had left for Casterbridge. During a second round of inspection, she saw Gabriel Oak and Boldwood in conversation. Later, Poorgrass informed her about Fanny Robin's death and attributed it to a weak constitution. Boldwood planned to arrange for Fanny's body to be brought home, but Bathsheba insisted that as Fanny was her uncle's employee, it was her responsibility. She prepared a wagon adorned with evergreens and flowers for Fanny's coffin. Bathsheba later inquired about Fanny with Liddy. Recollections of Fanny's golden hair and Troy's fondness for a fellow soldier, rumored to be Fanny's companion, were shared. They had served in the same regiment and were close.

chapter 42

A brightly decorated wagon with flowers arrived at the back door of the workhouse around 3 pm. Joseph Poorgrass directed the wagon to the door where a simple coffin was loaded. A man scribbled something on the coffin, draped it with an old black cloth, and handed Joseph a document. Joseph arranged the flowers atop the coffin and set off, shrouded by a misty gloom and deafening silence. Joseph took a detour through Roy-Town before halting at Buck's Head Inn, which was not far from his final stop. He entered the inn delighted to find "two coppercoloured discs, in the form of the countenances of Mr. Jan Coggan and Mr. Mark Clark. These owners of the most appreciative throats in the neighborhood, within the pale of respectability," ready to welcome him. He blamed his weary look on the weight of his cargo. A few drinks in and the conversation turned to life, death, and divinity. Joseph lost track of time. Oak showed up at the stroke of six, chastising the men. Coggan defended their delay arguing the deceased wouldn't mind. Joseph, now in high spirits, blamed his "multiplying eye" for his inebriated state. Oak decided to drive the wagon himself, musing over the gossip of Fanny eloping with a soldier. Thanks to his and Boldwood's discretion, Troy's name was not implicated and Oak hoped it would stay that way. Reaching Bathsheba's residence, they were late for the burial. Bathsheba instructed them to bring the coffin inside as leaving it in the coach-house felt heartless. Troy was still absent. Oak and a group of men moved the coffin indoors. Alone, Gabriel contemplated the cruel irony of the situation. He noticed the inscription on the lid, "Fanny Robin and child," and decided to erase the last two words, leaving behind only "Fanny Robin."

chapter 43

Bathsheba again inquired Liddy about Fanny. Maryann, according to Liddy, might know more, but Bathsheba remained skeptical, asserting there was only one name on the coffin. Seeking support, she visited Oak's cottage, only to leave without discussing her troubles when she saw him preparing for bed through the window. Back home, overcome with emotion, she stood by the coffin, tears streaming down her face as she said, "I hope, hope it is not true that there are two of you!" In the end, she decided to uncover the truth by opening the coffin, stating, "It was best to know the worst, and I know it now!" She couldn't stop herself from resenting Fanny, and knelt down to pray. Afterwards, she felt more composed. The loud noise of the coach-house door signaled Troy's return. He demanded an explanation, but Bathsheba refused to provide one. Together, they approached the coffin, and the sight of the bodies, lit by a single candle, overwhelmed Troy. He fell to his knees, kissed Fanny's face, and rejected Bathsheba, saying, "This woman is more to me, dead as she is, than ever you were, or are, or can be." He proclaimed to Fanny, "In the sight of Heaven you are my very, very wife!" Bathsheba fled the house in response.

chapter 44

Bathsheba wandered down a dim path without a care for where she was headed, until she collapsed in a thicket of ferns. As dawn broke, she felt more composed, uncertain whether she'd slept. Liddy eventually found Bathsheba and they agreed to stay out until Fanny's body was removed. To avoid raising suspicion, Liddy told people that Bathsheba was unwell and possibly resting in her room. After Liddy's return, Bathsheba gave her a stern caution, "You,'ll find yourself in a fearful situation; but mind this, don't you flinch. Stand your ground, and be cut to pieces. That's what I'm going to do." They discreetly made their way back into the house and Bathsheba sought refuge in an abandoned attic. Liddy prepared a fire and brought in a piece of carpet. From her vantage point, Bathsheba observed the farm and the young men enjoying the sunset. Their play was interrupted when two men arrived from Casterbridge to erect an ornate tombstone. Intrigued, the young men went to see the intended recipient of the gravestone. "Do you know?" Bathsheba inquired. "'I don't,' said Liddy."

chapter 45

Troy's immediate response to his wife's departure was to hide the corpse from view, then he secluded himself upstairs until daybreak. The past day had been harsh, with him failing to find Fanny despite using the money he acquired from Bathsheba and his own savings. After waiting fruitlessly for Fanny, he left for the racetrack, maintaining his promise not to bet. His return became a startling revelation. In the morning, disregarding his wife's absence, he visited the empty grave followed by a trip to Casterbridge to meet the stonemason. He ordered an expensive gravestone, paying for it and providing details for the engraving. He saw the stone ready to be transported to Weatherbury in the afternoon. As dusk approached, he went home, carrying a hefty basket. He came across the stonemason's workers who confirmed that the stone was installed. Troy found the grave situated near the recently cleaned area in the Weatherbury churchyard at ten. Equipped with a spade and lantern, he read the engraving on the stone and started planting different varieties of bulbs from his basket that would bloom from the start of spring till late autumn. His actions, though seemingly romantic, were driven by guilt from his prior indifference, yet he observed nothing absurd in it. As he completed planting, rain started falling, extinguishing his lantern. He stumbled his way to the church's north porch where he eventually dozed off.

chapter 46

The grotesque figure of a gargoyle on the church parapet loomed over the neglected land designated for charity burials. In the midst of a fierce rain, water poured from the figure onto Fanny Robin's grave seventy feet below, washing away the carefully planted bulbs. Troy awoke, shocked and disbelieving, "The planting of flowers on Fanny's grave had been perhaps but a species of elusion of the primary grief, and now it was as if his intention had been known and circumvented. Almost for the first time in his life Troy, as he stood by this dismantled grave, wished himself another man." Disturbed, he left the village without telling anyone. Bathsheba chose to seclude herself. The previous night, she and Liddy had seen the light from Troy's lantern in the graveyard but didn't know who it belonged to. The next day, the women discussed the storm and the unusual sounds of water cascading from the spouts. Liddy remarked the water used to merely splash on the stones, but "this was like the boiling of a pot." Informing Bathsheba that Troy was likely in Budmouth, Liddy asked if Bathsheba wanted to visit the gravesite. At Fanny's gravesite, Bathsheba discovered the mess caused by the rain. Gabriel was there, who had already spotted the inscription: "Erected by Francis Troy in Beloved Memory of Fanny Robin." Bathsheba's reaction was what he was curious about. She was calm, and asked him to refill the hole and replant the washed-out flowers. She also requested the church wardens to change the direction of the gargoyle's mouth and then cleaned the tombstone before leaving.

chapter 47

"Troy set off southwards, driven by a complex mix of boredom with farm life, sorrow for the woman buried in the churchyard, guilt, and a growing dislike for his wife's company, which made him crave a change of scenery from Weatherbury." Scaling a hill, the sight of the sea caught his attention. A small seaside pool surrounded by cliffs seemed inviting for a swim. Unaware of the strong current hidden between the rock formations, he dove in and was swiftly swept out to sea. Just then, he recalled warnings about the dangers of the area. Despite his efforts to swim back, exhaustion overcame him. Suddenly, a ship's boat loomed into view. Revitalized, Troy signaled for help and was saved by the seafarers, who were a part of a brig's crew collecting sand. They gave him a new set of clothes and brought him aboard their ship.

chapter 48

Bathsheba's reaction to Troy's absence was a blend of shock and comfort, fearing only the possible loss of her farm and ensuing impoverishment. Realizing her grave mistake, she prepared herself for whatever came next: "Perceiving clearly that her mistake had been a fatal one, she accepted her position, and waited coldly for the end." On the next market day, a stranger informed her about Troy's apparent drowning, causing Bathsheba to faint. Boldwood caught her fall, then discovered from the stranger that a coastguard had found Troy's clothes by the sea. With a spark in his eyes, Boldwood took Bathsheba to a nearby inn and arranged for her care. After failing to find more details, he offered to take Bathsheba home. However, she decided to return on her own. Upon her arrival, she was greeted by Liddy. A news snippet about a doctor witnessing a swimmer being swept away by the tide, combined with finding Troy’s clothing, suggested his demise. Yet, when Liddy proposed getting mourning attire, Bathsheba refused, certain of Troy's survival. Late at night, Bathsheba picked up Troy's watch, reminiscing about the time when he had shown it to her. She found a small coil of pale hair inside, a stark reminder of their shared past. "'He was hers and she was his; they should be gone together,' she said. 'I am nothing to either of them, and why should I keep her hair?'" She nearly destroyed the hair but decided against it. "'No — I'll not burn it — I'll keep it in memory of her, poor thing!' she added."

chapter 49

As seasons shifted from autumn to winter, Bathsheba found calmness, though not complete peace, in maintaining the farm. She officially appointed Oak as bailiff, a role he'd already been fulfilling. Meanwhile, Boldwood's farm deteriorated due to neglect, his crops rotting away. He proposed that Gabriel supervise his farm alongside Bathsheba's, an idea she passively agreed to. Despite this, it was clear that "Gabriel's malignant star was assuredly setting fast." Oak could be seen overseeing a vast stretch of land with a cheerful spirit of watchfulness, fueling rumors that he was "feathering his nest fast". In reality, Bathsheba paid him a steady wage, while Boldwood offered him a portion of his farm's profits. Oak was seen as miserly by some, as his lifestyle remained stagnant despite his new responsibility. Boldwood's infatuation for Bathsheba had turned into an unhealthy obsession. Bathsheba's mourning attire gave him hope that his patience might someday be reciprocated. Bathsheba, however, took a two-month trip to visit an elderly aunt in Corcombe. Upon her return, Boldwood attempted to gauge his chances with her by questioning Liddy. Liddy mentioned that Bathsheba had once spoken of the legal seven-year waiting period before Troy could be declared dead. Boldwood, lacking tact, felt foolish. Nevertheless, he managed to glean a piece of hopeful information – that there might be a chance for him to marry Bathsheba in a little over six years. As summer drew near, so did the week of the Greenhill Fair.

chapter 50

Greenhill, a hilltop fortification, was a perfect location for a fair. With a blend of permanent structures and temporary tents, it hosted shepherds and their flocks from far and wide. Gabriel's employers' sheep were particularly admired. As the selling of sheep concluded, focus shifted to the grand tent of the Royal Hippodrome's performances, where the crowd, including figures like Poorgrass and Coggan, was massive. Backstage, a surprising figure was found - Sergeant Troy. His journey had taken him to the United States where he barely got by as a physical training instructor. Yet, the lifestyle didn't suit him and he yearned for England, often pondering if Bathsheba considered him deceased. Back on home turf, though hesitant to face Bathsheba, he joined a traveling circus as a daring rider, presenting himself as "Mr. Francis, The Great Cosmopolitan Equestrian and Roughrider." He found himself performing at Greenhill, enacting a highwayman's part in an old love tale. Bathsheba, having sold all her sheep, was ready to depart after concluding a meeting with a dealer. At Boldwood’s suggestion, she attended a play called "Turpin's Ride to York." Seated on a raised red-cloth-covered bench, she was the only person in her section, a sight that didn't escape Troy’s attention. Fearing recognition by a creditor in the audience, Troy decided to perform silently, relying on gestures instead of dialogues, thus maintaining his disguise. But, he thought he was recognized by Pennyways, Bathsheba's former bailiff, during a later show. In a bid to confront the man, he disguised himself with a thick beard. He eventually spotted Bathsheba in the refreshments tent, listening to her conversation and peeping through a hole in the canvas. Seeing Pennyways giving a note to Bathsheba, revealing her husband was alive, Troy impulsively snatched it. After the ensuing chaos, he found Pennyways and both men disappeared into the night together.

chapter 51

Poorgrass's eye condition acted up again, so Oak was tasked with taking Bathsheba home. However, Boldwood stepped in due to Oak's commitment to other tasks. Bathsheba, still shaken by the tent incident, accepted Boldwood's offer. He used this opportunity to again propose to her, arguing that it was highly likely that Troy was dead. But Bathsheba replied, "From the first I have had a strange unaccountable feeling that he could not have perished." Her hesitations about remarrying were clear, but she expressed regret for her past actions towards Boldwood. Boldwood, seizing her regret, proposed a solution—marry him in six years' time when Troy could legally be considered dead. Despite his persistence, Bathsheba requested to give her answer by Christmas. Bathsheba later confessed to Oak her fear that a straight rejection might unbalance Boldwood. Oak suggested a conditional promise, reminding her that no one knows what future holds. Bathsheba agreed, "She had spoken frankly, and neither asked nor expected any reply from Gabriel more satisfactory than she had obtained. Yet in... her complicated heart there existed at this minute a little pang of disappointment... He might have just hinted at that old love of his... it ruffled our heroine all the afternoon."

chapter 52

As Christmas Eve approaches, Boldwood organizes a lavish party with mistletoe, garlands and other festive decorations. Bathsheba, the perceived guest of honor, is hesitant and upset, but decides to attend in her widow's dress to avoid rumors. Boldwood anxiously prepares his new outfit while Gabriel Oak, upon Boldwood's insistence, agrees to attend the gathering. Boldwood seems unusually cheerful, asking Oak about the reliability of women's promises. Meanwhile, Troy sits in a Casterbridge tavern with Pennyways, who warns him of the legal consequences of his deception. Pennyways also reveals his resentment towards Bathsheba and acknowledges her dependence on Oak. Despite her modest attire, Bathsheba looks radiant at the party, attributing her appearance to fluctuating emotions. When Liddy, her companion, teases her about a possible proposal from Boldwood, Bathsheba sternly shuts her down. As Oak assists Boldwood with his cravat, he advises him not to rely too much on Bathsheba. Boldwood acknowledges Oak's affections towards Bathsheba, promising to expand his partnership as a reward. After Oak's departure, Boldwood admires a beautiful ring, hiding it when he hears his guests arriving. Troy, despite Pennyways' advice, insists on attending Boldwood's party, spurred by his frustration with his own financial situation and his belief that he was recognized in town. To regain Bathsheba's favor, Pennyways suggests that she may still harbor feelings for Troy. Troy declares his plan to show up at Boldwood's party before nine.

chapter 53

Men gathered outside Boldwood's house, speculating on rumors of Troy's return. Unaware of their chatter, Boldwood anxiously anticipated Bathsheba's arrival, expressing hope for her presence. Upon hearing her carriage, he hurried to greet her. Tall, Smallbury, and Samway noticed Troy spying through a window at the malthouse. Alarmed, they decided Bathsheba needed to be warned. Laban was chosen for the task but backed out, unable to disrupt the evening. The men resolved to unite for Bathsheba's sake. Bathsheba, after a proper stay, tried to leave but was stopped by Boldwood. He demanded an answer to his marriage proposal. After hesitating, she agreed to marry him in six years, should she be a widow. Overwhelmed by emotions, Boldwood confessed his love and gave her a ring. She agreed to wear it for the evening, despite her reservations. The atmosphere at the party was subdued when Bathsheba reappeared. Before anyone could approach her, there was a knock. The visitor asked for Mrs. Troy. Boldwood, oblivious to Troy's identity, invited him in. Bathsheba was stunned. Boldwood realized the truth as Troy unveiled himself, laughing. Troy demanded Bathsheba to leave with him. Boldwood, with a strange voice, asked her to go. When Troy yanked her roughly, she let out a scream. A loud bang followed, filling the room with smoke. Boldwood, provoked by Bathsheba's scream, had gunned down Troy. He tried to end his life too, but Samway stopped him. Boldwood stated there was another way to die before he kissed Bathsheba's hand, left his hat, and disappeared into the night, with no one stopping him.

chapter 54

Boldwood calmly arrived at the prison, spoke with the porter, and then entered, never to return to the world outside. Upon hearing the news of the tragic incident, Gabriel immediately went to Boldwood's residence, finding Bathsheba distressed on the floor, cradling Troy's lifeless body. She held a handkerchief to his chest and tightly held one of his hands, displaying a strength that amazed everyone. Bathsheba instructed Gabriel to fetch a doctor. During his trip to town, Gabriel also informed the authorities about Boldwood's confession. Bathsheba meanwhile, had Troy's remains moved to their house. Liddy, another household member, let in the doctor, sharing that Bathsheba was locked in the room with Troy's body and had given instructions only for the doctor and Parson Thirdly to be let in. Upon entering the room, the surgeon saw Troy's body, illuminated by candles and covered in white. Uttering to Oak and the parson, the doctor expressed shock at Bathsheba's stoicism, to which Bathsheba responded that it was merely the heart of a wife. Unable to bear the grief any longer, Bathsheba collapsed and fell into a series of fainting spells. The doctor took care of her while Liddy kept a vigil throughout the night. Bathsheba was heard lamenting her guilt, questioning her ability to go on.

chapter 55

A crowd gathered on Yalbury Hill on a bleak day three months later. The high sheriff was in a coach, waiting for the arrival of the circuit court judge. Upon the judge's arrival, there was a change of carriages, the sound of trumpets, and the crowd moved towards town. Bathsheba's workers expressed hope for Boldwood's leniency. The extent of Boldwood's obsession had come to light. He had an elaborate collection of women's clothing and accessories, all labeled "Bathsheba Boldwood" and dated six years into the future. These items had been purchased in Bath and other places. Boldwood's eccentricity was a hot topic of discussion among the group at the malthouse. It wasn't hard to find examples of his strange behavior. It was widely accepted that Boldwood hadn't been in his right mind during his recent actions. Gabriel revealed that Boldwood admitted his guilt and was sentenced to death. An appeal was sent to the home secretary, requesting a reevaluation of Boldwood's punishment due to his mental state. However, not many people of Casterbridge came forward to sign it. Many resented Boldwood's tendency to shop outside the town for Bathsheba's gifts. A few compassionate men managed to convince others to sign. The response to the petition hadn't arrived by the day before the scheduled execution. Gabriel, who had just visited Boldwood in prison, saw the scaffold being prepared. Bathsheba was bedridden, fading with worry. She frequently inquired about a response to the appeal. Gabriel shared her concern. He hoped for Boldwood's salvation, despite believing he deserved punishment. There were aspects of Boldwood's character that Gabriel admired. Late at night, a messenger finally brought the awaited response. Boldwood's sentence was changed to imprisonment for an indefinite period. Coggan exclaimed in relief, "'Hurrah! God's above the devil yet!"'

chapter 56

As spring came, Bathsheba regained her strength and health after a severe illness. With the return of warmth, she made an effort to walk into town. During her walk, she stopped at Fanny Robin's grave and noted a new inscription indicating that Francis Troy was buried there too. Passing by the church, she heard the practice of a hymn, "Lead, Kindly Light," which moved her to tears. It was here that she encountered Gabriel Oak, who was part of the choir. Their conversation, though polite, was formal. Gabriel confessed his intentions of leaving England for California. He revealed he had a chance to buy Boldwood's farm, but chose instead to complete his tenure as manager. This upset Bathsheba who saw Gabriel as a close friend and dependable figure. Gabriel, however, insisted that her vulnerability was a reason for his departure and began distancing himself from her. As seasons rolled by, Bathsheba was devastated to receive Gabriel's resignation letter. She decided to visit him at his modest and unassuming residence. Bathsheba inquired if she had upset him, to which Gabriel clarified that he was leaving due to circulating rumors he was eyeing Boldwood's farm to accumulate wealth and court her. Bathsheba was startled by his confession, rejecting the idea as absurd and too swift. This conversation led to a misunderstanding as Gabriel focused on the term "absurd" and not "too soon." This confusion persisted until Gabriel asked if he could court her, to which Bathsheba replied he would never know unless he asked. The tension between them dissipated into laughter, breaking down the barriers of their professional relationship. Gabriel responded to Bathsheba's embarrassment at having courted him by saying it was his due for long dancing to her tune. Their conversation, however, rarely touched upon their mutual feelings. As they already knew the rougher aspects of each other's character, they felt no need for sweet words or warm expressions. They believed that understanding each other's best sides would come later in their relationship.

chapter 57

Bathsheba had expressed her desire for a private and simple wedding to Oak, after the happenings of the previous chapters. He pondered for an hour about how to make his future bride's wishes a reality. Securing a license was crucial. Oak entrusted his friend Coggan with his plans while swearing him to discretion. Coggan then arranged a meeting between the parish clerk, Laban Tall, and Bathsheba, convincing Tall's wife of the importance of the meeting by explaining it was for signing legal documents regarding shares in a farm. A subsequent visit to the vicar aroused no suspicion. On the day of the event, Bathsheba was up before her maid, Liddy, even called. While having her hair styled, Bathsheba informed Liddy that Oak would be joining them for dinner. Liddy, intuitively guessing the occasion, was thrilled. Oak, bundled in coats and under an umbrella, arrived at Bathsheba's. Together, they strolled into town like folks on a simple errand. Tall, Liddy and the parson awaited them at the church. After the ceremony, they all headed to Bathsheba's for tea. Since Oak hadn't furnished his own place yet, he decided to move in. Just as Bathsheba was serving tea, they were startled by the sound of a cannon and comical music from outside. A group of men cheered and celebrated, refusing Oak's invitation to join them inside rather suggesting their drinks be sent to Warren's. As the crowd receded, Oak and Bathsheba enjoyed a private moment, with Oak comfortable in referring to Bathsheba as "my wife." Poorgrass, one of the men, blessed their union, expressing gratitude for their happiness.

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